LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - tools - RMSD.cpp (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: plumed test coverage Lines: 556 735 75.6 %
Date: 2024-10-18 14:00:25 Functions: 44 80 55.0 %

          Line data    Source code
       1             : /* +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
       2             :    Copyright (c) 2011-2023 The plumed team
       3             :    (see the PEOPLE file at the root of the distribution for a list of names)
       4             : 
       5             :    See http://www.plumed.org for more information.
       6             : 
       7             :    This file is part of plumed, version 2.
       8             : 
       9             :    plumed is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
      10             :    it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
      11             :    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
      12             :    (at your option) any later version.
      13             : 
      14             :    plumed is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
      15             :    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
      16             :    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
      17             :    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
      18             : 
      19             :    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
      20             :    along with plumed.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
      21             : +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ */
      22             : #include "RMSD.h"
      23             : #include "PDB.h"
      24             : #include "Log.h"
      25             : #include "Exception.h"
      26             : #include <cmath>
      27             : #include <iostream>
      28             : #include "Tools.h"
      29             : 
      30             : namespace PLMD {
      31             : 
      32       46865 : RMSD::RMSD() : alignmentMethod(SIMPLE),reference_center_is_calculated(false),reference_center_is_removed(false),positions_center_is_calculated(false),positions_center_is_removed(false) {}
      33             : 
      34             : ///
      35             : /// general method to set all the rmsd property at once by using a pdb where occupancy column sets the weights for the atoms involved in the
      36             : /// alignment and beta sets the weight that are used for calculating the displacement.
      37             : ///
      38        1189 : void RMSD::set(const PDB&pdb, const std::string & mytype, bool remove_center, bool normalize_weights ) {
      39             : 
      40        1189 :   set(pdb.getOccupancy(),pdb.getBeta(),pdb.getPositions(),mytype,remove_center,normalize_weights);
      41             : 
      42        1189 : }
      43       13173 : void RMSD::set(const std::vector<double> & align, const std::vector<double> & displace, const std::vector<Vector> & reference, const std::string & mytype, bool remove_center, bool normalize_weights ) {
      44             : 
      45       13173 :   setReference(reference); // this by default remove the com and assumes uniform weights
      46       13173 :   setAlign(align, normalize_weights, remove_center); // this recalculates the com with weights. If remove_center=false then it restore the center back
      47       13173 :   setDisplace(displace, normalize_weights);  // this is does not affect any calculation of the weights
      48       13173 :   setType(mytype);
      49             : 
      50       13173 : }
      51             : 
      52       58365 : void RMSD::setType(const std::string & mytype) {
      53             : 
      54       58365 :   alignmentMethod=SIMPLE; // initialize with the simplest case: no rotation
      55       58365 :   if (mytype=="SIMPLE") {
      56          39 :     alignmentMethod=SIMPLE;
      57             :   }
      58       58326 :   else if (mytype=="OPTIMAL") {
      59       47031 :     alignmentMethod=OPTIMAL;
      60             :   }
      61       11295 :   else if (mytype=="OPTIMAL-FAST") {
      62       11295 :     alignmentMethod=OPTIMAL_FAST;
      63             :   }
      64           0 :   else plumed_merror("unknown RMSD type" + mytype);
      65             : 
      66       58365 : }
      67             : 
      68       11988 : void RMSD::clear() {
      69             :   reference.clear();
      70       11988 :   reference_center.zero();
      71       11988 :   reference_center_is_calculated=false;
      72       11988 :   reference_center_is_removed=false;
      73             :   align.clear();
      74             :   displace.clear();
      75       11988 :   positions_center.zero();
      76       11988 :   positions_center_is_calculated=false;
      77       11988 :   positions_center_is_removed=false;
      78       11988 : }
      79             : 
      80           5 : std::string RMSD::getMethod() {
      81             :   std::string mystring;
      82           5 :   switch(alignmentMethod) {
      83           0 :   case SIMPLE: mystring.assign("SIMPLE"); break;
      84           5 :   case OPTIMAL: mystring.assign("OPTIMAL"); break;
      85           0 :   case OPTIMAL_FAST: mystring.assign("OPTIMAL-FAST"); break;
      86             :   }
      87           5 :   return mystring;
      88             : }
      89             : ///
      90             : /// this calculates the center of mass for the reference and removes it from the reference itself
      91             : /// considering uniform weights for alignment
      92             : ///
      93       58381 : void RMSD::setReference(const std::vector<Vector> & reference) {
      94       58381 :   unsigned n=reference.size();
      95       58381 :   this->reference=reference;
      96       58381 :   plumed_massert(align.empty(),"you should first clear() an RMSD object, then set a new reference");
      97       58381 :   plumed_massert(displace.empty(),"you should first clear() an RMSD object, then set a new reference");
      98       58381 :   align.resize(n,1.0/n);
      99       58381 :   displace.resize(n,1.0/n);
     100      842400 :   for(unsigned i=0; i<n; i++) reference_center+=this->reference[i]*align[i];
     101             :   #pragma omp simd
     102      784019 :   for(unsigned i=0; i<n; i++) this->reference[i]-=reference_center;
     103       58381 :   reference_center_is_calculated=true;
     104       58381 :   reference_center_is_removed=true;
     105       58381 : }
     106      101427 : const std::vector<Vector>& RMSD::getReference() const {
     107      101427 :   return reference;
     108             : }
     109             : ///
     110             : /// the alignment weights are here normalized to 1 and  the center of the reference is removed accordingly
     111             : ///
     112       13173 : void RMSD::setAlign(const std::vector<double> & align, bool normalize_weights, bool remove_center) {
     113       13173 :   unsigned n=reference.size();
     114       13173 :   plumed_massert(this->align.size()==align.size(),"mismatch in dimension of align/displace arrays");
     115       13173 :   this->align=align;
     116       13173 :   if(normalize_weights) {
     117             :     double w=0.0;
     118       26258 :     #pragma omp simd reduction(+:w)
     119      195783 :     for(unsigned i=0; i<n; i++) w+=this->align[i];
     120       13129 :     if(w>epsilon) {
     121       13127 :       double inv=1.0/w;
     122             :       #pragma omp simd
     123      195753 :       for(unsigned i=0; i<n; i++) this->align[i]*=inv;
     124             :     } else {
     125           2 :       double inv=1.0/n;
     126             :       #pragma omp simd
     127          30 :       for(unsigned i=0; i<n; i++) this->align[i]=inv;
     128             :     }
     129             :   }
     130             :   // recalculate the center anyway
     131             :   // just remove the center if that is asked
     132             :   // if the center was removed before, then add it and store the new one
     133       13173 :   if(reference_center_is_removed) {
     134       13173 :     plumed_massert(reference_center_is_calculated," seems that the reference center has been removed but not calculated and stored!");
     135       13173 :     addCenter(reference,reference_center);
     136             :   }
     137       13173 :   reference_center=calculateCenter(reference,this->align);
     138       13173 :   reference_center_is_calculated=true;
     139       13173 :   if(remove_center) {
     140       13168 :     removeCenter(reference,reference_center);
     141       13168 :     reference_center_is_removed=true;
     142             :   } else {
     143           5 :     reference_center_is_removed=false;
     144             :   }
     145       13173 : }
     146           0 : std::vector<double> RMSD::getAlign() {
     147           0 :   return align;
     148             : }
     149             : ///
     150             : /// here the weigth for normalized weighths are normalized and set
     151             : ///
     152       13173 : void RMSD::setDisplace(const std::vector<double> & displace, bool normalize_weights) {
     153       13173 :   unsigned n=reference.size();
     154       13173 :   plumed_massert(this->displace.size()==displace.size(),"mismatch in dimension of align/displace arrays");
     155       13173 :   this->displace=displace;
     156       13173 :   if(normalize_weights) {
     157             :     double w=0.0;
     158       26258 :     #pragma omp simd reduction(+:w)
     159      195783 :     for(unsigned i=0; i<n; i++) w+=this->displace[i];
     160       13129 :     if(w>epsilon) {
     161       13127 :       double inv=1.0/w;
     162             :       #pragma omp simd
     163      195753 :       for(unsigned i=0; i<n; i++) this->displace[i]*=inv;
     164             :     } else {
     165           2 :       double inv=1.0/n;
     166             :       #pragma omp simd
     167          30 :       for(unsigned i=0; i<n; i++) this->displace[i]=inv;
     168             :     }
     169             :   }
     170       13173 : }
     171           0 : std::vector<double> RMSD::getDisplace() {
     172           0 :   return displace;
     173             : }
     174             : ///
     175             : /// This is the main workhorse for rmsd that decides to use specific optimal alignment versions
     176             : ///
     177      564764 : double RMSD::calculate(const std::vector<Vector> & positions,std::vector<Vector> &derivatives, bool squared)const {
     178             : 
     179             :   double ret=0.;
     180             : 
     181      564764 :   switch(alignmentMethod) {
     182             :   case SIMPLE : {
     183             :     //  do a simple alignment without rotation
     184         128 :     std::vector<Vector> displacement( derivatives.size() );
     185         128 :     ret=simpleAlignment(align,displace,positions,reference,derivatives,displacement,squared);
     186             :     break;
     187      197610 :   } case OPTIMAL_FAST : {
     188             :     // this is calling the fastest option:
     189      197610 :     if(align==displace) ret=optimalAlignment<false,true>(align,displace,positions,reference,derivatives,squared);
     190           2 :     else                ret=optimalAlignment<false,false>(align,displace,positions,reference,derivatives,squared);
     191             :     break;
     192             : 
     193      367026 :   } case OPTIMAL : {
     194             :     // this is the fast routine but in the "safe" mode, which gives less numerical error:
     195      367026 :     if(align==displace) ret=optimalAlignment<true,true>(align,displace,positions,reference,derivatives,squared);
     196         112 :     else ret=optimalAlignment<true,false>(align,displace,positions,reference,derivatives,squared);
     197             :     break;
     198             :   }
     199             :   }
     200             : 
     201      564764 :   return ret;
     202             : 
     203             : }
     204             : 
     205             : 
     206             : /// convenience method for calculating the standard derivatives and the derivative of the rmsd respect to the reference position
     207           1 : double RMSD::calc_DDistDRef( const std::vector<Vector>& positions, std::vector<Vector> &derivatives, std::vector<Vector>& DDistDRef, const bool squared  ) {
     208             :   double ret=0.;
     209           1 :   switch(alignmentMethod) {
     210           0 :   case SIMPLE:
     211           0 :     plumed_merror("derivative of the refreence frame not implemented for SIMPLE alignmentMethod \n");
     212             :     break;
     213           0 :   case OPTIMAL_FAST:
     214           0 :     if(align==displace) ret=optimalAlignment_DDistDRef<false,true>(align,displace,positions,reference,derivatives,DDistDRef, squared);
     215           0 :     else                ret=optimalAlignment_DDistDRef<false,false>(align,displace,positions,reference,derivatives,DDistDRef,squared);
     216             :     break;
     217           1 :   case OPTIMAL:
     218           1 :     if(align==displace) ret=optimalAlignment_DDistDRef<true,true>(align,displace,positions,reference,derivatives,DDistDRef,squared);
     219           1 :     else                ret=optimalAlignment_DDistDRef<true,false>(align,displace,positions,reference,derivatives,DDistDRef,squared);
     220             :     break;
     221             :   }
     222           1 :   return ret;
     223             : 
     224             : }
     225             : 
     226             : /// convenience method for calculating the standard derivatives and the derivative of the rmsd respect to the reference position without the matrix contribution
     227             : /// as required by SOMA
     228           0 : double RMSD::calc_SOMA( const std::vector<Vector>& positions, std::vector<Vector> &derivatives, std::vector<Vector>& DDistDRef, const bool squared  ) {
     229             :   double ret=0.;
     230           0 :   switch(alignmentMethod) {
     231           0 :   case SIMPLE:
     232           0 :     plumed_merror("derivative of the refreence frame not implemented for SIMPLE alignmentMethod \n");
     233             :     break;
     234           0 :   case OPTIMAL_FAST:
     235           0 :     if(align==displace) ret=optimalAlignment_SOMA<false,true>(align,displace,positions,reference,derivatives,DDistDRef, squared);
     236           0 :     else                ret=optimalAlignment_SOMA<false,false>(align,displace,positions,reference,derivatives,DDistDRef,squared);
     237             :     break;
     238           0 :   case OPTIMAL:
     239           0 :     if(align==displace) ret=optimalAlignment_SOMA<true,true>(align,displace,positions,reference,derivatives,DDistDRef,squared);
     240           0 :     else                ret=optimalAlignment_SOMA<true,false>(align,displace,positions,reference,derivatives,DDistDRef,squared);
     241             :     break;
     242             :   }
     243           0 :   return ret;
     244             : 
     245             : }
     246             : 
     247           0 : double RMSD::calc_DDistDRef_Rot_DRotDPos( const std::vector<Vector>& positions, std::vector<Vector> &derivatives, std::vector<Vector>& DDistDRef, Tensor & Rot, Matrix<std::vector<Vector> > &DRotDPos, const bool squared  ) {
     248             :   double ret=0.;
     249           0 :   switch(alignmentMethod) {
     250           0 :   case SIMPLE:
     251           0 :     plumed_merror("derivative of the refreence frame not implemented for SIMPLE alignmentMethod \n");
     252             :     break;
     253           0 :   case OPTIMAL_FAST:
     254           0 :     if(align==displace) ret=optimalAlignment_DDistDRef_Rot_DRotDPos<false,true>(align,displace,positions,reference,derivatives,DDistDRef, Rot, DRotDPos,  squared);
     255           0 :     else                ret=optimalAlignment_DDistDRef_Rot_DRotDPos<false,false>(align,displace,positions,reference,derivatives,DDistDRef, Rot, DRotDPos, squared);
     256             :     break;
     257           0 :   case OPTIMAL:
     258           0 :     if(align==displace) ret=optimalAlignment_DDistDRef_Rot_DRotDPos<true,true>(align,displace,positions,reference,derivatives,DDistDRef, Rot, DRotDPos, squared);
     259           0 :     else                ret=optimalAlignment_DDistDRef_Rot_DRotDPos<true,false>(align,displace,positions,reference,derivatives,DDistDRef, Rot, DRotDPos, squared);
     260             :     break;
     261             :   }
     262           0 :   return ret;
     263             : }
     264             : 
     265           0 : double RMSD::calc_DDistDRef_Rot_DRotDPos_DRotDRef( const std::vector<Vector>& positions, std::vector<Vector> &derivatives, std::vector<Vector>& DDistDRef, Tensor & Rot, Matrix<std::vector<Vector> > &DRotDPos,  Matrix<std::vector<Vector> > &DRotDRef, const bool squared  ) {
     266             :   double ret=0.;
     267           0 :   switch(alignmentMethod) {
     268           0 :   case SIMPLE:
     269           0 :     plumed_merror("derivative of the refreence frame not implemented for SIMPLE alignmentMethod \n");
     270             :     break;
     271           0 :   case OPTIMAL_FAST:
     272           0 :     if(align==displace) ret=optimalAlignment_DDistDRef_Rot_DRotDPos_DRotDRef<false,true>(align,displace,positions,reference,derivatives,DDistDRef, Rot, DRotDPos, DRotDRef,   squared);
     273           0 :     else                ret=optimalAlignment_DDistDRef_Rot_DRotDPos_DRotDRef<false,false>(align,displace,positions,reference,derivatives,DDistDRef, Rot, DRotDPos, DRotDRef,  squared);
     274             :     break;
     275           0 :   case OPTIMAL:
     276           0 :     if(align==displace) ret=optimalAlignment_DDistDRef_Rot_DRotDPos_DRotDRef<true,true>(align,displace,positions,reference,derivatives,DDistDRef, Rot, DRotDPos, DRotDRef, squared);
     277           0 :     else                ret=optimalAlignment_DDistDRef_Rot_DRotDPos_DRotDRef<true,false>(align,displace,positions,reference,derivatives,DDistDRef, Rot, DRotDPos, DRotDRef, squared);
     278             :     break;
     279             :   }
     280           0 :   return ret;
     281             : }
     282             : 
     283        1092 : double RMSD::calc_Rot_DRotDRr01( const std::vector<Vector>& positions, Tensor & Rotation, std::array<std::array<Tensor,3>,3> & DRotDRr01, const bool squared) {
     284             :   double ret=0.;
     285        1092 :   switch(alignmentMethod) {
     286           0 :   case SIMPLE:
     287           0 :     plumed_merror("derivative of the refreence frame not implemented for SIMPLE alignmentMethod \n");
     288             :     break;
     289           0 :   case OPTIMAL_FAST:
     290           0 :     if(align==displace) ret=optimalAlignment_Rot_DRotDRr01<false,true>(align,displace,positions,reference, Rotation, DRotDRr01,   squared);
     291           0 :     else                ret=optimalAlignment_Rot_DRotDRr01<false,false>(align,displace,positions,reference, Rotation, DRotDRr01,  squared);
     292             :     break;
     293        1092 :   case OPTIMAL:
     294        1092 :     if(align==displace) ret=optimalAlignment_Rot_DRotDRr01<true,true>(align,displace,positions,reference, Rotation, DRotDRr01, squared);
     295           0 :     else                ret=optimalAlignment_Rot_DRotDRr01<true,false>(align,displace,positions,reference, Rotation, DRotDRr01, squared);
     296             :     break;
     297             :   }
     298        1092 :   return ret;
     299             : }
     300             : 
     301         672 : double RMSD::calc_Rot( const std::vector<Vector>& positions, std::vector<Vector> &derivatives, Tensor & Rotation, const bool squared) {
     302             :   double ret=0.;
     303         672 :   switch(alignmentMethod) {
     304           0 :   case SIMPLE:
     305           0 :     plumed_merror("derivative of the refreence frame not implemented for SIMPLE alignmentMethod \n");
     306             :     break;
     307           0 :   case OPTIMAL_FAST:
     308           0 :     if(align==displace) ret=optimalAlignment_Rot<false,true>(align,displace,positions,reference,derivatives, Rotation, squared);
     309           0 :     else                ret=optimalAlignment_Rot<false,false>(align,displace,positions,reference,derivatives, Rotation, squared);
     310             :     break;
     311         672 :   case OPTIMAL:
     312         672 :     if(align==displace) ret=optimalAlignment_Rot<true,true>(align,displace,positions,reference,derivatives, Rotation, squared);
     313           0 :     else                ret=optimalAlignment_Rot<true,false>(align,displace,positions,reference,derivatives, Rotation, squared);
     314             :     break;
     315             :   }
     316         672 :   return ret;
     317             : }
     318             : 
     319       45192 : double RMSD::calculateWithCloseStructure( const std::vector<Vector>& positions, std::vector<Vector> &derivatives, const Tensor & rotationPosClose, const Tensor & rotationRefClose, std::array<std::array<Tensor,3>,3> & drotationPosCloseDrr01, const bool squared) {
     320             :   double ret=0.;
     321       45192 :   switch(alignmentMethod) {
     322           0 :   case SIMPLE:
     323           0 :     plumed_merror("derivative of the refreence frame not implemented for SIMPLE alignmentMethod \n");
     324             :     break;
     325           0 :   case OPTIMAL_FAST:
     326           0 :     if(align==displace) ret=optimalAlignmentWithCloseStructure<false,true>(align,displace,positions,reference,derivatives, rotationPosClose, rotationRefClose, drotationPosCloseDrr01, squared);
     327           0 :     else                ret=optimalAlignmentWithCloseStructure<false,false>(align,displace,positions,reference,derivatives, rotationPosClose, rotationRefClose, drotationPosCloseDrr01, squared);
     328             :     break;
     329       45192 :   case OPTIMAL:
     330       45192 :     if(align==displace) ret=optimalAlignmentWithCloseStructure<true,true>(align,displace,positions,reference,derivatives, rotationPosClose, rotationRefClose, drotationPosCloseDrr01, squared);
     331           0 :     else                ret=optimalAlignmentWithCloseStructure<true,false>(align,displace,positions,reference,derivatives, rotationPosClose, rotationRefClose, drotationPosCloseDrr01, squared);
     332             :     break;
     333             :   }
     334       45192 :   return ret;
     335             : }
     336             : 
     337       56681 : double RMSD::calc_PCAelements( const std::vector<Vector>& positions, std::vector<Vector> &DDistDPos, Tensor & Rotation, Matrix<std::vector<Vector> > & DRotDPos,std::vector<Vector>  & alignedpositions, std::vector<Vector> & centeredpositions, std::vector<Vector> &centeredreference, const bool& squared  ) const {
     338             :   double ret=0.;
     339       56681 :   switch(alignmentMethod) {
     340           0 :   case SIMPLE:
     341           0 :     plumed_merror("derivative of the refreence frame not implemented for SIMPLE alignmentMethod \n");
     342             :     break;
     343       53779 :   case OPTIMAL_FAST:
     344       53779 :     if(align==displace) ret=optimalAlignment_PCA<false,true>(align,displace,positions,reference, alignedpositions, centeredpositions,centeredreference,Rotation,DDistDPos,DRotDPos,squared);
     345           0 :     else                ret=optimalAlignment_PCA<false,false>(align,displace,positions,reference, alignedpositions, centeredpositions,centeredreference,Rotation,DDistDPos,DRotDPos,squared);
     346             :     break;
     347        2902 :   case OPTIMAL:
     348        2902 :     if(align==displace) ret=optimalAlignment_PCA<true,true>(align,displace,positions,reference, alignedpositions, centeredpositions,centeredreference,Rotation,DDistDPos,DRotDPos,squared);
     349          39 :     else                ret=optimalAlignment_PCA<true,false>(align,displace,positions,reference, alignedpositions, centeredpositions,centeredreference,Rotation,DDistDPos,DRotDPos,squared);
     350             :     break;
     351             :   }
     352       56681 :   return ret;
     353             : }
     354             : 
     355             : 
     356         210 : double RMSD::calc_FitElements( const std::vector<Vector>& positions, Tensor & Rotation, Matrix<std::vector<Vector> > & DRotDPos, std::vector<Vector> & centeredpositions, Vector &center_positions, const bool& squared  ) {
     357             :   double ret=0.;
     358         210 :   switch(alignmentMethod) {
     359           0 :   case SIMPLE:
     360           0 :     plumed_merror("derivative of the refreence frame not implemented for SIMPLE alignmentMethod \n");
     361             :     break;
     362           0 :   case OPTIMAL_FAST:
     363           0 :     if(align==displace)ret=optimalAlignment_Fit<false,true>(align,displace,positions,reference, Rotation,DRotDPos,centeredpositions,center_positions,squared);
     364           0 :     else               ret=optimalAlignment_Fit<false,false>(align,displace,positions,reference, Rotation,DRotDPos,centeredpositions,center_positions,squared);
     365             :     break;
     366         210 :   case OPTIMAL:
     367         210 :     if(align==displace)ret=optimalAlignment_Fit<true,true>(align,displace,positions,reference,Rotation,DRotDPos,centeredpositions,center_positions,squared);
     368          60 :     else               ret=optimalAlignment_Fit<true,false>(align,displace,positions,reference,Rotation,DRotDPos,centeredpositions,center_positions,squared);
     369             :     break;
     370             :   }
     371         210 :   return ret;
     372             : }
     373             : 
     374             : 
     375             : 
     376             : 
     377             : 
     378             : 
     379         774 : double RMSD::simpleAlignment(const  std::vector<double>  & align,
     380             :                              const  std::vector<double>  & displace,
     381             :                              const std::vector<Vector> & positions,
     382             :                              const std::vector<Vector> & reference,
     383             :                              std::vector<Vector>  & derivatives,
     384             :                              std::vector<Vector>  & displacement,
     385             :                              bool squared)const {
     386             : 
     387             :   double dist(0);
     388         774 :   unsigned n=reference.size();
     389             : 
     390         774 :   Vector apositions;
     391         774 :   Vector areference;
     392         774 :   Vector dpositions;
     393         774 :   Vector dreference;
     394             : 
     395       11471 :   for(unsigned i=0; i<n; i++) {
     396       10697 :     double aw=align[i];
     397       10697 :     double dw=displace[i];
     398       10697 :     apositions+=positions[i]*aw;
     399       10697 :     areference+=reference[i]*aw;
     400       10697 :     dpositions+=positions[i]*dw;
     401       10697 :     dreference+=reference[i]*dw;
     402             :   }
     403             : 
     404         774 :   Vector shift=((apositions-areference)-(dpositions-dreference));
     405       11471 :   for(unsigned i=0; i<n; i++) {
     406       10697 :     displacement[i]=(positions[i]-apositions)-(reference[i]-areference);
     407       10697 :     dist+=displace[i]*displacement[i].modulo2();
     408       10697 :     derivatives[i]=2*(displace[i]*displacement[i]+align[i]*shift);
     409             :   }
     410             : 
     411         774 :   if(!squared) {
     412             :     // sqrt
     413         141 :     dist=std::sqrt(dist);
     414             :     ///// sqrt on derivatives
     415        3826 :     for(unsigned i=0; i<n; i++) {derivatives[i]*=(0.5/dist);}
     416             :   }
     417         774 :   return dist;
     418             : }
     419             : 
     420             : // this below enable the standard case for rmsd where the rmsd is calculated and the derivative of rmsd respect to positions is retrieved
     421             : // additionally this assumes that the com of the reference is already subtracted.
     422             : #define OLDRMSD
     423             : #ifdef OLDRMSD
     424             : // notice that in the current implementation the safe argument only makes sense for
     425             : // align==displace
     426             : template <bool safe,bool alEqDis>
     427      564636 : double RMSD::optimalAlignment(const  std::vector<double>  & align,
     428             :                               const  std::vector<double>  & displace,
     429             :                               const std::vector<Vector> & positions,
     430             :                               const std::vector<Vector> & reference,
     431             :                               std::vector<Vector>  & derivatives, bool squared)const {
     432      564636 :   const unsigned n=reference.size();
     433             : // This is the trace of positions*positions + reference*reference
     434             :   double rr00(0);
     435             :   double rr11(0);
     436             : // This is positions*reference
     437      564636 :   Tensor rr01;
     438             : 
     439      564636 :   derivatives.resize(n);
     440             : 
     441      564636 :   Vector cpositions;
     442             : 
     443             : // first expensive loop: compute centers
     444    22872434 :   for(unsigned iat=0; iat<n; iat++) {
     445    22307798 :     double w=align[iat];
     446    22307798 :     cpositions+=positions[iat]*w;
     447             :   }
     448             : 
     449             : // second expensive loop: compute second moments wrt centers
     450    22872434 :   for(unsigned iat=0; iat<n; iat++) {
     451    22307798 :     double w=align[iat];
     452    22307798 :     rr00+=dotProduct(positions[iat]-cpositions,positions[iat]-cpositions)*w;
     453    22305622 :     rr11+=dotProduct(reference[iat],reference[iat])*w;
     454    22307798 :     rr01+=Tensor(positions[iat]-cpositions,reference[iat])*w;
     455             :   }
     456             : 
     457      564636 :   Tensor4d m;
     458             : 
     459      564636 :   m[0][0]=2.0*(-rr01[0][0]-rr01[1][1]-rr01[2][2]);
     460      564636 :   m[1][1]=2.0*(-rr01[0][0]+rr01[1][1]+rr01[2][2]);
     461      564636 :   m[2][2]=2.0*(+rr01[0][0]-rr01[1][1]+rr01[2][2]);
     462      564636 :   m[3][3]=2.0*(+rr01[0][0]+rr01[1][1]-rr01[2][2]);
     463      564636 :   m[0][1]=2.0*(-rr01[1][2]+rr01[2][1]);
     464      564636 :   m[0][2]=2.0*(+rr01[0][2]-rr01[2][0]);
     465      564636 :   m[0][3]=2.0*(-rr01[0][1]+rr01[1][0]);
     466      564636 :   m[1][2]=2.0*(-rr01[0][1]-rr01[1][0]);
     467      564636 :   m[1][3]=2.0*(-rr01[0][2]-rr01[2][0]);
     468      564636 :   m[2][3]=2.0*(-rr01[1][2]-rr01[2][1]);
     469      564636 :   m[1][0] = m[0][1];
     470      564636 :   m[2][0] = m[0][2];
     471      564636 :   m[2][1] = m[1][2];
     472      564636 :   m[3][0] = m[0][3];
     473      564636 :   m[3][1] = m[1][3];
     474      564636 :   m[3][2] = m[2][3];
     475             : 
     476    11857356 :   Tensor dm_drr01[4][4];
     477             :   if(!alEqDis) {
     478         114 :     dm_drr01[0][0] = 2.0*Tensor(-1.0, 0.0, 0.0,  0.0,-1.0, 0.0,  0.0, 0.0,-1.0);
     479         114 :     dm_drr01[1][1] = 2.0*Tensor(-1.0, 0.0, 0.0,  0.0,+1.0, 0.0,  0.0, 0.0,+1.0);
     480         114 :     dm_drr01[2][2] = 2.0*Tensor(+1.0, 0.0, 0.0,  0.0,-1.0, 0.0,  0.0, 0.0,+1.0);
     481         114 :     dm_drr01[3][3] = 2.0*Tensor(+1.0, 0.0, 0.0,  0.0,+1.0, 0.0,  0.0, 0.0,-1.0);
     482         114 :     dm_drr01[0][1] = 2.0*Tensor( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0,  0.0, 0.0,-1.0,  0.0,+1.0, 0.0);
     483         114 :     dm_drr01[0][2] = 2.0*Tensor( 0.0, 0.0,+1.0,  0.0, 0.0, 0.0, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
     484         114 :     dm_drr01[0][3] = 2.0*Tensor( 0.0,-1.0, 0.0, +1.0, 0.0, 0.0,  0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
     485         114 :     dm_drr01[1][2] = 2.0*Tensor( 0.0,-1.0, 0.0, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0,  0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
     486         114 :     dm_drr01[1][3] = 2.0*Tensor( 0.0, 0.0,-1.0,  0.0, 0.0, 0.0, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
     487         114 :     dm_drr01[2][3] = 2.0*Tensor( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0,  0.0, 0.0,-1.0,  0.0,-1.0, 0.0);
     488         114 :     dm_drr01[1][0] = dm_drr01[0][1];
     489         114 :     dm_drr01[2][0] = dm_drr01[0][2];
     490         114 :     dm_drr01[2][1] = dm_drr01[1][2];
     491         114 :     dm_drr01[3][0] = dm_drr01[0][3];
     492         114 :     dm_drr01[3][1] = dm_drr01[1][3];
     493         114 :     dm_drr01[3][2] = dm_drr01[2][3];
     494             :   }
     495             : 
     496             :   double dist=0.0;
     497      564636 :   Vector4d q;
     498             : 
     499     2823180 :   Tensor dq_drr01[4];
     500             :   if(!alEqDis) {
     501         114 :     Vector4d eigenvals;
     502         114 :     Tensor4d eigenvecs;
     503         114 :     diagMatSym(m, eigenvals, eigenvecs );
     504             :     dist=eigenvals[0]+rr00+rr11;
     505         114 :     q=Vector4d(eigenvecs[0][0],eigenvecs[0][1],eigenvecs[0][2],eigenvecs[0][3]);
     506             :     double dq_dm[4][4][4];
     507        9690 :     for(unsigned i=0; i<4; i++) for(unsigned j=0; j<4; j++) for(unsigned k=0; k<4; k++) {
     508             :           double tmp=0.0;
     509             : // perturbation theory for matrix m
     510       29184 :           for(unsigned l=1; l<4; l++) tmp+=eigenvecs[l][j]*eigenvecs[l][i]/(eigenvals[0]-eigenvals[l])*eigenvecs[0][k];
     511        7296 :           dq_dm[i][j][k]=tmp;
     512             :         }
     513             : // propagation to _drr01
     514         570 :     for(unsigned i=0; i<4; i++) {
     515         456 :       Tensor tmp;
     516        9576 :       for(unsigned j=0; j<4; j++) for(unsigned k=0; k<4; k++) {
     517        7296 :           tmp+=dq_dm[i][j][k]*dm_drr01[j][k];
     518             :         }
     519         456 :       dq_drr01[i]=tmp;
     520             :     }
     521             :   } else {
     522      564522 :     VectorGeneric<1> eigenvals;
     523      564522 :     TensorGeneric<1,4> eigenvecs;
     524      564522 :     diagMatSym(m, eigenvals, eigenvecs );
     525      564522 :     dist=eigenvals[0]+rr00+rr11;
     526      564522 :     q=Vector4d(eigenvecs[0][0],eigenvecs[0][1],eigenvecs[0][2],eigenvecs[0][3]);
     527             :   }
     528             : 
     529             : 
     530             : // This is the rotation matrix that brings reference to positions
     531             : // i.e. matmul(rotation,reference[iat])+shift is fitted to positions[iat]
     532             : 
     533      564636 :   Tensor rotation;
     534      564636 :   rotation[0][0]=q[0]*q[0]+q[1]*q[1]-q[2]*q[2]-q[3]*q[3];
     535      564636 :   rotation[1][1]=q[0]*q[0]-q[1]*q[1]+q[2]*q[2]-q[3]*q[3];
     536      564636 :   rotation[2][2]=q[0]*q[0]-q[1]*q[1]-q[2]*q[2]+q[3]*q[3];
     537      564636 :   rotation[0][1]=2*(+q[0]*q[3]+q[1]*q[2]);
     538      564636 :   rotation[0][2]=2*(-q[0]*q[2]+q[1]*q[3]);
     539      564636 :   rotation[1][2]=2*(+q[0]*q[1]+q[2]*q[3]);
     540      564636 :   rotation[1][0]=2*(-q[0]*q[3]+q[1]*q[2]);
     541      564636 :   rotation[2][0]=2*(+q[0]*q[2]+q[1]*q[3]);
     542      564636 :   rotation[2][1]=2*(-q[0]*q[1]+q[2]*q[3]);
     543             : 
     544             : 
     545      564636 :   std::array<std::array<Tensor,3>,3> drotation_drr01;
     546             :   if(!alEqDis) {
     547         114 :     drotation_drr01[0][0]=2*q[0]*dq_drr01[0]+2*q[1]*dq_drr01[1]-2*q[2]*dq_drr01[2]-2*q[3]*dq_drr01[3];
     548         114 :     drotation_drr01[1][1]=2*q[0]*dq_drr01[0]-2*q[1]*dq_drr01[1]+2*q[2]*dq_drr01[2]-2*q[3]*dq_drr01[3];
     549         114 :     drotation_drr01[2][2]=2*q[0]*dq_drr01[0]-2*q[1]*dq_drr01[1]-2*q[2]*dq_drr01[2]+2*q[3]*dq_drr01[3];
     550         114 :     drotation_drr01[0][1]=2*(+(q[0]*dq_drr01[3]+dq_drr01[0]*q[3])+(q[1]*dq_drr01[2]+dq_drr01[1]*q[2]));
     551         114 :     drotation_drr01[0][2]=2*(-(q[0]*dq_drr01[2]+dq_drr01[0]*q[2])+(q[1]*dq_drr01[3]+dq_drr01[1]*q[3]));
     552         114 :     drotation_drr01[1][2]=2*(+(q[0]*dq_drr01[1]+dq_drr01[0]*q[1])+(q[2]*dq_drr01[3]+dq_drr01[2]*q[3]));
     553         114 :     drotation_drr01[1][0]=2*(-(q[0]*dq_drr01[3]+dq_drr01[0]*q[3])+(q[1]*dq_drr01[2]+dq_drr01[1]*q[2]));
     554         114 :     drotation_drr01[2][0]=2*(+(q[0]*dq_drr01[2]+dq_drr01[0]*q[2])+(q[1]*dq_drr01[3]+dq_drr01[1]*q[3]));
     555         114 :     drotation_drr01[2][1]=2*(-(q[0]*dq_drr01[1]+dq_drr01[0]*q[1])+(q[2]*dq_drr01[3]+dq_drr01[2]*q[3]));
     556             :   }
     557             : 
     558             :   double prefactor=2.0;
     559             : 
     560      564522 :   if(!squared && alEqDis) prefactor*=0.5/std::sqrt(dist);
     561             : 
     562             : // if "safe", recompute dist here to a better accuracy
     563             :   if(safe || !alEqDis) dist=0.0;
     564             : 
     565             : // If safe is set to "false", MSD is taken from the eigenvalue of the M matrix
     566             : // If safe is set to "true", MSD is recomputed from the rotational matrix
     567             : // For some reason, this last approach leads to less numerical noise but adds an overhead
     568             : 
     569      564636 :   Tensor ddist_drotation;
     570      564636 :   Vector ddist_dcpositions;
     571             : 
     572             : // third expensive loop: derivatives
     573    22872434 :   for(unsigned iat=0; iat<n; iat++) {
     574    22307798 :     Vector d(positions[iat]-cpositions - matmul(rotation,reference[iat]));
     575             :     if(alEqDis) {
     576             : // there is no need for derivatives of rotation and shift here as it is by construction zero
     577             : // (similar to Hellman-Feynman forces)
     578    22305622 :       derivatives[iat]= prefactor*align[iat]*d;
     579     5224640 :       if(safe) dist+=align[iat]*modulo2(d);
     580             :     } else {
     581             : // the case for align != displace is different, sob:
     582        2176 :       dist+=displace[iat]*modulo2(d);
     583             : // these are the derivatives assuming the roto-translation as frozen
     584        2176 :       derivatives[iat]=2*displace[iat]*d;
     585             : // here I accumulate derivatives wrt rotation matrix ..
     586        2176 :       ddist_drotation+=-2*displace[iat]*extProduct(d,reference[iat]);
     587             : // .. and cpositions
     588        2176 :       ddist_dcpositions+=-2*displace[iat]*d;
     589             :     }
     590             :   }
     591             : 
     592             :   if(!alEqDis) {
     593         114 :     Tensor ddist_drr01;
     594        1482 :     for(unsigned i=0; i<3; i++) for(unsigned j=0; j<3; j++) ddist_drr01+=ddist_drotation[i][j]*drotation_drr01[i][j];
     595        2290 :     for(unsigned iat=0; iat<n; iat++) {
     596             : // this is propagating to positions.
     597             : // I am implicitly using the derivative of rr01 wrt positions here
     598        2176 :       derivatives[iat]+=matmul(ddist_drr01,reference[iat])*align[iat];
     599        2176 :       derivatives[iat]+=ddist_dcpositions*align[iat];
     600             :     }
     601             :   }
     602      564636 :   if(!squared) {
     603       93898 :     dist=std::sqrt(dist);
     604             :     if(!alEqDis) {
     605         114 :       double xx=0.5/dist;
     606        2290 :       for(unsigned iat=0; iat<n; iat++) derivatives[iat]*=xx;
     607             :     }
     608             :   }
     609             : 
     610      564636 :   return dist;
     611             : }
     612             : #else
     613             : /// note that this method is intended to be repeatedly invoked
     614             : /// when the reference does already have the center subtracted
     615             : /// but the position has not calculated center and not subtracted
     616             : template <bool safe,bool alEqDis>
     617             : double RMSD::optimalAlignment(const  std::vector<double>  & align,
     618             :                               const  std::vector<double>  & displace,
     619             :                               const std::vector<Vector> & positions,
     620             :                               const std::vector<Vector> & reference,
     621             :                               std::vector<Vector>  & derivatives,
     622             :                               bool squared) const {
     623             :   //std::cerr<<"setting up the core data \n";
     624             :   RMSDCoreData cd(align,displace,positions,reference);
     625             : 
     626             :   // transfer the settings for the center to let the CoreCalc deal with it
     627             :   cd.setPositionsCenterIsRemoved(positions_center_is_removed);
     628             :   if(positions_center_is_calculated) {cd.setPositionsCenter(positions_center);}
     629             :   else {cd.calcPositionsCenter();};
     630             : 
     631             :   cd.setReferenceCenterIsRemoved(reference_center_is_removed);
     632             :   if(!reference_center_is_calculated) {cd.calcReferenceCenter();}
     633             :   else {cd.setReferenceCenter(reference_center);}
     634             : 
     635             :   // Perform the diagonalization and all the needed stuff
     636             :   cd.doCoreCalc(safe,alEqDis);
     637             :   // make the core calc distance
     638             :   double dist=cd.getDistance(squared);
     639             : //  make the derivatives by using pieces calculated in coreCalc (probably the best is just to copy the vector...)
     640             :   derivatives=cd.getDDistanceDPositions();
     641             :   return dist;
     642             : }
     643             : #endif
     644             : template <bool safe,bool alEqDis>
     645           1 : double RMSD::optimalAlignment_DDistDRef(const  std::vector<double>  & align,
     646             :                                         const  std::vector<double>  & displace,
     647             :                                         const std::vector<Vector> & positions,
     648             :                                         const std::vector<Vector> & reference,
     649             :                                         std::vector<Vector>  & derivatives,
     650             :                                         std::vector<Vector> & ddistdref,
     651             :                                         bool squared) const {
     652             :   //initialize the data into the structure
     653             :   // typically the positions do not have the com neither calculated nor subtracted. This layer takes care of this business
     654           1 :   RMSDCoreData cd(align,displace,positions,reference);
     655             :   // transfer the settings for the center to let the CoreCalc deal with it
     656             :   // transfer the settings for the center to let the CoreCalc deal with it
     657           1 :   cd.setPositionsCenterIsRemoved(positions_center_is_removed);
     658           1 :   if(positions_center_is_calculated) {cd.setPositionsCenter(positions_center);}
     659           1 :   else {cd.calcPositionsCenter();};
     660             : 
     661           1 :   cd.setReferenceCenterIsRemoved(reference_center_is_removed);
     662           1 :   if(!reference_center_is_calculated) {cd.calcReferenceCenter();}
     663           1 :   else {cd.setReferenceCenter(reference_center);}
     664             : 
     665             :   // Perform the diagonalization and all the needed stuff
     666           1 :   cd.doCoreCalc(safe,alEqDis);
     667             :   // make the core calc distance
     668           1 :   double dist=cd.getDistance(squared);
     669             : //  make the derivatives by using pieces calculated in coreCalc (probably the best is just to copy the vector...)
     670           1 :   derivatives=cd.getDDistanceDPositions();
     671           2 :   ddistdref=cd.getDDistanceDReference();
     672           1 :   return dist;
     673             : }
     674             : 
     675             : template <bool safe,bool alEqDis>
     676           0 : double RMSD::optimalAlignment_SOMA(const  std::vector<double>  & align,
     677             :                                    const  std::vector<double>  & displace,
     678             :                                    const std::vector<Vector> & positions,
     679             :                                    const std::vector<Vector> & reference,
     680             :                                    std::vector<Vector>  & derivatives,
     681             :                                    std::vector<Vector> & ddistdref,
     682             :                                    bool squared) const {
     683             :   //initialize the data into the structure
     684             :   // typically the positions do not have the com neither calculated nor subtracted. This layer takes care of this business
     685           0 :   RMSDCoreData cd(align,displace,positions,reference);
     686             :   // transfer the settings for the center to let the CoreCalc deal with it
     687             :   // transfer the settings for the center to let the CoreCalc deal with it
     688           0 :   cd.setPositionsCenterIsRemoved(positions_center_is_removed);
     689           0 :   if(positions_center_is_calculated) {cd.setPositionsCenter(positions_center);}
     690           0 :   else {cd.calcPositionsCenter();};
     691             : 
     692           0 :   cd.setReferenceCenterIsRemoved(reference_center_is_removed);
     693           0 :   if(!reference_center_is_calculated) {cd.calcReferenceCenter();}
     694           0 :   else {cd.setReferenceCenter(reference_center);}
     695             : 
     696             :   // Perform the diagonalization and all the needed stuff
     697           0 :   cd.doCoreCalc(safe,alEqDis);
     698             :   // make the core calc distance
     699           0 :   double dist=cd.getDistance(squared);
     700             : //  make the derivatives by using pieces calculated in coreCalc (probably the best is just to copy the vector...)
     701           0 :   derivatives=cd.getDDistanceDPositions();
     702           0 :   ddistdref=cd.getDDistanceDReferenceSOMA();
     703           0 :   return dist;
     704             : }
     705             : 
     706             : 
     707             : template <bool safe,bool alEqDis>
     708           0 : double RMSD::optimalAlignment_DDistDRef_Rot_DRotDPos(const  std::vector<double>  & align,
     709             :     const  std::vector<double>  & displace,
     710             :     const std::vector<Vector> & positions,
     711             :     const std::vector<Vector> & reference,
     712             :     std::vector<Vector>  & derivatives,
     713             :     std::vector<Vector> & ddistdref,
     714             :     Tensor & Rotation,
     715             :     Matrix<std::vector<Vector> > &DRotDPos,
     716             :     bool squared) const {
     717             :   //initialize the data into the structure
     718             :   // typically the positions do not have the com neither calculated nor subtracted. This layer takes care of this business
     719           0 :   RMSDCoreData cd(align,displace,positions,reference);
     720             :   // transfer the settings for the center to let the CoreCalc deal with it
     721             :   // transfer the settings for the center to let the CoreCalc deal with it
     722           0 :   cd.setPositionsCenterIsRemoved(positions_center_is_removed);
     723           0 :   if(positions_center_is_calculated) {cd.setPositionsCenter(positions_center);}
     724           0 :   else {cd.calcPositionsCenter();};
     725             : 
     726           0 :   cd.setReferenceCenterIsRemoved(reference_center_is_removed);
     727           0 :   if(!reference_center_is_calculated) {cd.calcReferenceCenter();}
     728           0 :   else {cd.setReferenceCenter(reference_center);}
     729             : 
     730             :   // Perform the diagonalization and all the needed stuff
     731           0 :   cd.doCoreCalc(safe,alEqDis);
     732             :   // make the core calc distance
     733           0 :   double dist=cd.getDistance(squared);
     734             : //  make the derivatives by using pieces calculated in coreCalc (probably the best is just to copy the vector...)
     735           0 :   derivatives=cd.getDDistanceDPositions();
     736           0 :   ddistdref=cd.getDDistanceDReference();
     737             :   // get the rotation matrix
     738           0 :   Rotation=cd.getRotationMatrixReferenceToPositions();
     739             :   // get its derivative
     740           0 :   DRotDPos=cd.getDRotationDPositions();
     741           0 :   return dist;
     742             : }
     743             : 
     744             : template <bool safe,bool alEqDis>
     745           0 : double RMSD::optimalAlignment_DDistDRef_Rot_DRotDPos_DRotDRef(const  std::vector<double>  & align,
     746             :     const  std::vector<double>  & displace,
     747             :     const std::vector<Vector> & positions,
     748             :     const std::vector<Vector> & reference,
     749             :     std::vector<Vector>  & derivatives,
     750             :     std::vector<Vector> & ddistdref,
     751             :     Tensor & Rotation,
     752             :     Matrix<std::vector<Vector> > &DRotDPos,
     753             :     Matrix<std::vector<Vector> > &DRotDRef,
     754             :     bool squared) const {
     755             :   //initialize the data into the structure
     756             :   // typically the positions do not have the com neither calculated nor subtracted. This layer takes care of this business
     757           0 :   RMSDCoreData cd(align,displace,positions,reference);
     758             :   // transfer the settings for the center to let the CoreCalc deal with it
     759             :   // transfer the settings for the center to let the CoreCalc deal with it
     760           0 :   cd.setPositionsCenterIsRemoved(positions_center_is_removed);
     761           0 :   if(positions_center_is_calculated) {cd.setPositionsCenter(positions_center);}
     762           0 :   else {cd.calcPositionsCenter();};
     763             : 
     764           0 :   cd.setReferenceCenterIsRemoved(reference_center_is_removed);
     765           0 :   if(!reference_center_is_calculated) {cd.calcReferenceCenter();}
     766           0 :   else {cd.setReferenceCenter(reference_center);}
     767             : 
     768             :   // Perform the diagonalization and all the needed stuff
     769           0 :   cd.doCoreCalc(safe,alEqDis);
     770             :   // make the core calc distance
     771           0 :   double dist=cd.getDistance(squared);
     772             : //  make the derivatives by using pieces calculated in coreCalc (probably the best is just to copy the vector...)
     773           0 :   derivatives=cd.getDDistanceDPositions();
     774           0 :   ddistdref=cd.getDDistanceDReference();
     775             :   // get the rotation matrix
     776           0 :   Rotation=cd.getRotationMatrixReferenceToPositions();
     777             :   // get its derivative
     778           0 :   DRotDPos=cd.getDRotationDPositions();
     779           0 :   DRotDRef=cd.getDRotationDReference();
     780           0 :   return dist;
     781             : }
     782             : 
     783             : template <bool safe,bool alEqDis>
     784        1092 : double RMSD::optimalAlignment_Rot_DRotDRr01(const  std::vector<double>  & align,
     785             :     const  std::vector<double>  & displace,
     786             :     const std::vector<Vector> & positions,
     787             :     const std::vector<Vector> & reference,
     788             :     Tensor & Rotation,
     789             :     std::array<std::array<Tensor,3>,3> & DRotDRr01,
     790             :     bool squared) const {
     791             :   //initialize the data into the structure
     792             :   // typically the positions do not have the com neither calculated nor subtracted. This layer takes care of this business
     793        1092 :   RMSDCoreData cd(align,displace,positions,reference);
     794             :   // transfer the settings for the center to let the CoreCalc deal with it
     795        1092 :   cd.setPositionsCenterIsRemoved(positions_center_is_removed);
     796        1092 :   if(positions_center_is_calculated) {cd.setPositionsCenter(positions_center);}
     797        1092 :   else {cd.calcPositionsCenter();};
     798             : 
     799        1092 :   cd.setReferenceCenterIsRemoved(reference_center_is_removed);
     800        1092 :   if(!reference_center_is_calculated) {cd.calcReferenceCenter();}
     801        1092 :   else {cd.setReferenceCenter(reference_center);}
     802             : 
     803             :   // Perform the diagonalization and all the needed stuff
     804        1092 :   cd.doCoreCalc(safe,alEqDis);
     805             :   // make the core calc distance
     806        1092 :   double dist=cd.getDistance(squared);
     807             :   // get the rotation matrix
     808        1092 :   Rotation=cd.getRotationMatrixReferenceToPositions();
     809             :   //get detivative w.r.t. rr01
     810        1092 :   DRotDRr01=cd.getDRotationDRr01();
     811        1092 :   return dist;
     812             : }
     813             : 
     814             : template <bool safe,bool alEqDis>
     815         672 : double RMSD::optimalAlignment_Rot(const  std::vector<double>  & align,
     816             :                                   const  std::vector<double>  & displace,
     817             :                                   const std::vector<Vector> & positions,
     818             :                                   const std::vector<Vector> & reference,
     819             :                                   std::vector<Vector>  & derivatives,
     820             :                                   Tensor & Rotation,
     821             :                                   bool squared) const {
     822             :   //initialize the data into the structure
     823             :   // typically the positions do not have the com neither calculated nor subtracted. This layer takes care of this business
     824         672 :   RMSDCoreData cd(align,displace,positions,reference);
     825             :   // transfer the settings for the center to let the CoreCalc deal with it
     826         672 :   cd.setPositionsCenterIsRemoved(positions_center_is_removed);
     827         672 :   if(positions_center_is_calculated) {cd.setPositionsCenter(positions_center);}
     828         672 :   else {cd.calcPositionsCenter();};
     829             : 
     830         672 :   cd.setReferenceCenterIsRemoved(reference_center_is_removed);
     831         672 :   if(!reference_center_is_calculated) {cd.calcReferenceCenter();}
     832         672 :   else {cd.setReferenceCenter(reference_center);}
     833             : 
     834             :   // Perform the diagonalization and all the needed stuff
     835         672 :   cd.doCoreCalc(safe,alEqDis);
     836             :   // make the core calc distance
     837         672 :   double dist=cd.getDistance(squared);
     838             :   //  make the derivatives by using pieces calculated in coreCalc (probably the best is just to copy the vector...)
     839         672 :   derivatives=cd.getDDistanceDPositions();
     840             :   // get the rotation matrix
     841         672 :   Rotation=cd.getRotationMatrixReferenceToPositions();
     842         672 :   return dist;
     843             : }
     844             : 
     845             : template <bool safe,bool alEqDis>
     846       45192 : double RMSD::optimalAlignmentWithCloseStructure(const  std::vector<double>  & align,
     847             :     const  std::vector<double>  & displace,
     848             :     const std::vector<Vector> & positions,
     849             :     const std::vector<Vector> & reference,
     850             :     std::vector<Vector>  & derivatives,
     851             :     const Tensor & rotationPosClose,
     852             :     const Tensor & rotationRefClose,
     853             :     std::array<std::array<Tensor,3>,3> & drotationPosCloseDrr01,
     854             :     bool squared) const {
     855             :   //initialize the data into the structure
     856             :   // typically the positions do not have the com neither calculated nor subtracted. This layer takes care of this business
     857       45192 :   RMSDCoreData cd(align,displace,positions,reference);
     858             :   // transfer the settings for the center to let the CoreCalc deal with it
     859       45192 :   cd.setPositionsCenterIsRemoved(positions_center_is_removed);
     860       45192 :   if(positions_center_is_calculated) {cd.setPositionsCenter(positions_center);}
     861       45192 :   else {cd.calcPositionsCenter();};
     862             : 
     863       45192 :   cd.setReferenceCenterIsRemoved(reference_center_is_removed);
     864       45192 :   if(!reference_center_is_calculated) {cd.calcReferenceCenter();}
     865       45192 :   else {cd.setReferenceCenter(reference_center);}
     866             : 
     867             :   // instead of diagonalization, approximate with saved rotation matrix
     868       45192 :   cd.doCoreCalcWithCloseStructure(safe,alEqDis, rotationPosClose, rotationRefClose, drotationPosCloseDrr01);
     869             :   // make the core calc distance
     870       45192 :   double dist=cd.getDistance(squared);
     871             :   //  make the derivatives by using pieces calculated in coreCalc (probably the best is just to copy the vector...)
     872       90384 :   derivatives=cd.getDDistanceDPositions();
     873       45192 :   return dist;
     874             : }
     875             : 
     876             : 
     877             : template <bool safe,bool alEqDis>
     878       56681 : double RMSD::optimalAlignment_PCA(const  std::vector<double>  & align,
     879             :                                   const  std::vector<double>  & displace,
     880             :                                   const std::vector<Vector> & positions,
     881             :                                   const std::vector<Vector> & reference,
     882             :                                   std::vector<Vector> & alignedpositions,
     883             :                                   std::vector<Vector> & centeredpositions,
     884             :                                   std::vector<Vector> & centeredreference,
     885             :                                   Tensor & Rotation,
     886             :                                   std::vector<Vector> & DDistDPos,
     887             :                                   Matrix<std::vector<Vector> > & DRotDPos,
     888             :                                   bool squared) const {
     889             :   //initialize the data into the structure
     890             :   // typically the positions do not have the com neither calculated nor subtracted. This layer takes care of this business
     891       56681 :   RMSDCoreData cd(align,displace,positions,reference);
     892             :   // transfer the settings for the center to let the CoreCalc deal with it
     893       56681 :   cd.setPositionsCenterIsRemoved(positions_center_is_removed);
     894       56681 :   if(positions_center_is_calculated) {cd.setPositionsCenter(positions_center);}
     895       56681 :   else {cd.calcPositionsCenter();};
     896             : 
     897       56681 :   cd.setReferenceCenterIsRemoved(reference_center_is_removed);
     898       56681 :   if(!reference_center_is_calculated) {cd.calcReferenceCenter();}
     899       56681 :   else {cd.setReferenceCenter(reference_center);}
     900             : 
     901             :   // Perform the diagonalization and all the needed stuff
     902       56681 :   cd.doCoreCalc(safe,alEqDis);
     903             :   // make the core calc distance
     904       56681 :   double dist=cd.getDistance(squared);
     905             :   // make the derivatives by using pieces calculated in coreCalc (probably the best is just to copy the vector...)
     906       56681 :   DDistDPos=cd.getDDistanceDPositions();
     907             :   // get the rotation matrix
     908       56681 :   Rotation=cd.getRotationMatrixPositionsToReference();
     909             :   // get its derivative
     910       56681 :   DRotDPos=cd.getDRotationDPositions(true); // this gives back the inverse
     911             :   // get aligned positions
     912       56681 :   alignedpositions=cd.getAlignedPositionsToReference();
     913             :   // get centered positions
     914       56681 :   centeredpositions=cd.getCenteredPositions();
     915             :   // get centered reference
     916      113362 :   centeredreference=cd.getCenteredReference();
     917       56681 :   return dist;
     918             : }
     919             : 
     920             : 
     921             : template <bool safe,bool alEqDis>
     922         210 : double RMSD::optimalAlignment_Fit(const  std::vector<double>  & align,
     923             :                                   const  std::vector<double>  & displace,
     924             :                                   const std::vector<Vector> & positions,
     925             :                                   const std::vector<Vector> & reference,
     926             :                                   Tensor & Rotation,
     927             :                                   Matrix<std::vector<Vector> > & DRotDPos,
     928             :                                   std::vector<Vector> & centeredpositions,
     929             :                                   Vector & center_positions,
     930             :                                   bool squared) {
     931             :   //initialize the data into the structure
     932             :   // typically the positions do not have the com neither calculated nor subtracted. This layer takes care of this business
     933         210 :   RMSDCoreData cd(align,displace,positions,reference);
     934             :   // transfer the settings for the center to let the CoreCalc deal with it
     935         210 :   cd.setPositionsCenterIsRemoved(positions_center_is_removed);
     936         210 :   if(positions_center_is_calculated) {cd.setPositionsCenter(positions_center);}
     937         210 :   else {cd.calcPositionsCenter();};
     938             : 
     939         210 :   cd.setReferenceCenterIsRemoved(reference_center_is_removed);
     940         210 :   if(!reference_center_is_calculated) {cd.calcReferenceCenter();}
     941         210 :   else {cd.setReferenceCenter(reference_center);}
     942             : 
     943             :   // Perform the diagonalization and all the needed stuff
     944         210 :   cd.doCoreCalc(safe,alEqDis);
     945             :   // make the core calc distance
     946         210 :   double dist=cd.getDistance(squared);
     947             :   // get the rotation matrix
     948         210 :   Rotation=cd.getRotationMatrixPositionsToReference();
     949             :   // get its derivative
     950         210 :   DRotDPos=cd.getDRotationDPositions(true); // this gives back the inverse
     951             :   // get centered positions
     952         210 :   centeredpositions=cd.getCenteredPositions();
     953             :   // get center
     954         210 :   center_positions=cd.getPositionsCenter();
     955         210 :   return dist;
     956             : }
     957             : 
     958             : 
     959             : 
     960             : 
     961             : 
     962             : 
     963             : /// This calculates the elements needed by the quaternion to calculate everything that is needed
     964             : /// additional calls retrieve different components
     965             : /// note that this considers that the centers of both reference and positions are already setted
     966             : /// but automatically should properly account for non removed components: if not removed then it
     967             : /// removes prior to calculation of the alignment
     968       58656 : void RMSDCoreData::doCoreCalc(bool safe,bool alEqDis, bool only_rotation) {
     969             : 
     970       58656 :   retrieve_only_rotation=only_rotation;
     971       58656 :   const unsigned n=static_cast<unsigned int>(reference.size());
     972             : 
     973       58656 :   plumed_massert(creference_is_calculated,"the center of the reference frame must be already provided at this stage");
     974       58656 :   plumed_massert(cpositions_is_calculated,"the center of the positions frame must be already provided at this stage");
     975             : 
     976             : // This is the trace of positions*positions + reference*reference
     977       58656 :   rr00=0.;
     978       58656 :   rr11=0.;
     979             : // This is positions*reference
     980       58656 :   Tensor rr01;
     981             : // center of mass managing: must subtract the center from the position or not?
     982       58656 :   Vector cp; cp.zero(); if(!cpositions_is_removed)cp=cpositions;
     983       58656 :   Vector cr; cr.zero(); if(!creference_is_removed)cr=creference;
     984             : // second expensive loop: compute second moments wrt centers
     985     1306665 :   for(unsigned iat=0; iat<n; iat++) {
     986     1248009 :     double w=align[iat];
     987     1248009 :     rr00+=dotProduct(positions[iat]-cp,positions[iat]-cp)*w;
     988     1248009 :     rr11+=dotProduct(reference[iat]-cr,reference[iat]-cr)*w;
     989     1248009 :     rr01+=Tensor(positions[iat]-cp,reference[iat]-cr)*w;
     990             :   }
     991             : 
     992             : // the quaternion matrix: this is internal
     993       58656 :   Tensor4d m;
     994             : 
     995       58656 :   m[0][0]=2.0*(-rr01[0][0]-rr01[1][1]-rr01[2][2]);
     996       58656 :   m[1][1]=2.0*(-rr01[0][0]+rr01[1][1]+rr01[2][2]);
     997       58656 :   m[2][2]=2.0*(+rr01[0][0]-rr01[1][1]+rr01[2][2]);
     998       58656 :   m[3][3]=2.0*(+rr01[0][0]+rr01[1][1]-rr01[2][2]);
     999       58656 :   m[0][1]=2.0*(-rr01[1][2]+rr01[2][1]);
    1000       58656 :   m[0][2]=2.0*(+rr01[0][2]-rr01[2][0]);
    1001       58656 :   m[0][3]=2.0*(-rr01[0][1]+rr01[1][0]);
    1002       58656 :   m[1][2]=2.0*(-rr01[0][1]-rr01[1][0]);
    1003       58656 :   m[1][3]=2.0*(-rr01[0][2]-rr01[2][0]);
    1004       58656 :   m[2][3]=2.0*(-rr01[1][2]-rr01[2][1]);
    1005       58656 :   m[1][0] = m[0][1];
    1006       58656 :   m[2][0] = m[0][2];
    1007       58656 :   m[2][1] = m[1][2];
    1008       58656 :   m[3][0] = m[0][3];
    1009       58656 :   m[3][1] = m[1][3];
    1010       58656 :   m[3][2] = m[2][3];
    1011             : 
    1012             : 
    1013     1231776 :   Tensor dm_drr01[4][4];
    1014       58656 :   if(!alEqDis or !retrieve_only_rotation) {
    1015       58656 :     dm_drr01[0][0] = 2.0*Tensor(-1.0, 0.0, 0.0,  0.0,-1.0, 0.0,  0.0, 0.0,-1.0);
    1016       58656 :     dm_drr01[1][1] = 2.0*Tensor(-1.0, 0.0, 0.0,  0.0,+1.0, 0.0,  0.0, 0.0,+1.0);
    1017       58656 :     dm_drr01[2][2] = 2.0*Tensor(+1.0, 0.0, 0.0,  0.0,-1.0, 0.0,  0.0, 0.0,+1.0);
    1018       58656 :     dm_drr01[3][3] = 2.0*Tensor(+1.0, 0.0, 0.0,  0.0,+1.0, 0.0,  0.0, 0.0,-1.0);
    1019       58656 :     dm_drr01[0][1] = 2.0*Tensor( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0,  0.0, 0.0,-1.0,  0.0,+1.0, 0.0);
    1020       58656 :     dm_drr01[0][2] = 2.0*Tensor( 0.0, 0.0,+1.0,  0.0, 0.0, 0.0, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
    1021       58656 :     dm_drr01[0][3] = 2.0*Tensor( 0.0,-1.0, 0.0, +1.0, 0.0, 0.0,  0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
    1022       58656 :     dm_drr01[1][2] = 2.0*Tensor( 0.0,-1.0, 0.0, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0,  0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
    1023       58656 :     dm_drr01[1][3] = 2.0*Tensor( 0.0, 0.0,-1.0,  0.0, 0.0, 0.0, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
    1024       58656 :     dm_drr01[2][3] = 2.0*Tensor( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0,  0.0, 0.0,-1.0,  0.0,-1.0, 0.0);
    1025       58656 :     dm_drr01[1][0] = dm_drr01[0][1];
    1026       58656 :     dm_drr01[2][0] = dm_drr01[0][2];
    1027       58656 :     dm_drr01[2][1] = dm_drr01[1][2];
    1028       58656 :     dm_drr01[3][0] = dm_drr01[0][3];
    1029       58656 :     dm_drr01[3][1] = dm_drr01[1][3];
    1030       58656 :     dm_drr01[3][2] = dm_drr01[2][3];
    1031             :   }
    1032             : 
    1033             : 
    1034       58656 :   Vector4d q;
    1035             : 
    1036      293280 :   Tensor dq_drr01[4];
    1037       58656 :   if(!alEqDis or !only_rotation) {
    1038       58656 :     diagMatSym(m, eigenvals, eigenvecs );
    1039       58656 :     q=Vector4d(eigenvecs[0][0],eigenvecs[0][1],eigenvecs[0][2],eigenvecs[0][3]);
    1040             :     double dq_dm[4][4][4];
    1041     4985760 :     for(unsigned i=0; i<4; i++) for(unsigned j=0; j<4; j++) for(unsigned k=0; k<4; k++) {
    1042             :           double tmp=0.0;
    1043             : // perturbation theory for matrix m
    1044    15015936 :           for(unsigned l=1; l<4; l++) tmp+=eigenvecs[l][j]*eigenvecs[l][i]/(eigenvals[0]-eigenvals[l])*eigenvecs[0][k];
    1045     3753984 :           dq_dm[i][j][k]=tmp;
    1046             :         }
    1047             : // propagation to _drr01
    1048      293280 :     for(unsigned i=0; i<4; i++) {
    1049      234624 :       Tensor tmp;
    1050     4927104 :       for(unsigned j=0; j<4; j++) for(unsigned k=0; k<4; k++) {
    1051     3753984 :           tmp+=dq_dm[i][j][k]*dm_drr01[j][k];
    1052             :         }
    1053      234624 :       dq_drr01[i]=tmp;
    1054             :     }
    1055             :   } else {
    1056           0 :     TensorGeneric<1,4> here_eigenvecs;
    1057           0 :     VectorGeneric<1> here_eigenvals;
    1058           0 :     diagMatSym(m, here_eigenvals, here_eigenvecs );
    1059           0 :     for(unsigned i=0; i<4; i++) eigenvecs[0][i]=here_eigenvecs[0][i];
    1060           0 :     eigenvals[0]=here_eigenvals[0];
    1061           0 :     q=Vector4d(eigenvecs[0][0],eigenvecs[0][1],eigenvecs[0][2],eigenvecs[0][3]);
    1062             :   }
    1063             : 
    1064             : // This is the rotation matrix that brings reference to positions
    1065             : // i.e. matmul(rotation,reference[iat])+shift is fitted to positions[iat]
    1066             : 
    1067       58656 :   rotation[0][0]=q[0]*q[0]+q[1]*q[1]-q[2]*q[2]-q[3]*q[3];
    1068       58656 :   rotation[1][1]=q[0]*q[0]-q[1]*q[1]+q[2]*q[2]-q[3]*q[3];
    1069       58656 :   rotation[2][2]=q[0]*q[0]-q[1]*q[1]-q[2]*q[2]+q[3]*q[3];
    1070       58656 :   rotation[0][1]=2*(+q[0]*q[3]+q[1]*q[2]);
    1071       58656 :   rotation[0][2]=2*(-q[0]*q[2]+q[1]*q[3]);
    1072       58656 :   rotation[1][2]=2*(+q[0]*q[1]+q[2]*q[3]);
    1073       58656 :   rotation[1][0]=2*(-q[0]*q[3]+q[1]*q[2]);
    1074       58656 :   rotation[2][0]=2*(+q[0]*q[2]+q[1]*q[3]);
    1075       58656 :   rotation[2][1]=2*(-q[0]*q[1]+q[2]*q[3]);
    1076             : 
    1077             : 
    1078       58656 :   if(!alEqDis or !only_rotation) {
    1079       58656 :     drotation_drr01[0][0]=2*q[0]*dq_drr01[0]+2*q[1]*dq_drr01[1]-2*q[2]*dq_drr01[2]-2*q[3]*dq_drr01[3];
    1080       58656 :     drotation_drr01[1][1]=2*q[0]*dq_drr01[0]-2*q[1]*dq_drr01[1]+2*q[2]*dq_drr01[2]-2*q[3]*dq_drr01[3];
    1081       58656 :     drotation_drr01[2][2]=2*q[0]*dq_drr01[0]-2*q[1]*dq_drr01[1]-2*q[2]*dq_drr01[2]+2*q[3]*dq_drr01[3];
    1082       58656 :     drotation_drr01[0][1]=2*(+(q[0]*dq_drr01[3]+dq_drr01[0]*q[3])+(q[1]*dq_drr01[2]+dq_drr01[1]*q[2]));
    1083       58656 :     drotation_drr01[0][2]=2*(-(q[0]*dq_drr01[2]+dq_drr01[0]*q[2])+(q[1]*dq_drr01[3]+dq_drr01[1]*q[3]));
    1084       58656 :     drotation_drr01[1][2]=2*(+(q[0]*dq_drr01[1]+dq_drr01[0]*q[1])+(q[2]*dq_drr01[3]+dq_drr01[2]*q[3]));
    1085       58656 :     drotation_drr01[1][0]=2*(-(q[0]*dq_drr01[3]+dq_drr01[0]*q[3])+(q[1]*dq_drr01[2]+dq_drr01[1]*q[2]));
    1086       58656 :     drotation_drr01[2][0]=2*(+(q[0]*dq_drr01[2]+dq_drr01[0]*q[2])+(q[1]*dq_drr01[3]+dq_drr01[1]*q[3]));
    1087       58656 :     drotation_drr01[2][1]=2*(-(q[0]*dq_drr01[1]+dq_drr01[0]*q[1])+(q[2]*dq_drr01[3]+dq_drr01[2]*q[3]));
    1088             :   }
    1089             : 
    1090       58656 :   d.resize(n);
    1091             : 
    1092             :   // calculate rotation matrix derivatives and components distances needed for components only when align!=displacement
    1093       58656 :   if(!alEqDis)ddist_drotation.zero();
    1094             :   // This pragma leads to incorrect results with INTEL compiler.
    1095             :   // Failures are seen in rt65-rmsd2, rt-close-structure, rt64-pca, and others.
    1096             :   // Not really clear why. GB
    1097             :   // #pragma omp simd
    1098     1306665 :   for(unsigned iat=0; iat<n; iat++) {
    1099             :     // components differences: this is useful externally
    1100     1248009 :     d[iat]=positions[iat]-cp - matmul(rotation,reference[iat]-cr);
    1101             :     //cerr<<"D "<<iat<<" "<<d[iat][0]<<" "<<d[iat][1]<<" "<<d[iat][2]<<"\n";
    1102             :   }
    1103             :   // ddist_drotation if needed
    1104       58656 :   if(!alEqDis or !only_rotation) {
    1105     1306665 :     for (unsigned iat=0; iat<n; iat++)
    1106     1248009 :       ddist_drotation+=-2*displace[iat]*extProduct(d[iat],reference[iat]-cr);
    1107             : 
    1108       58656 :     ddist_drr01.zero();
    1109      762528 :     for(unsigned i=0; i<3; i++) for(unsigned j=0; j<3; j++) ddist_drr01+=ddist_drotation[i][j]*drotation_drr01[i][j];
    1110             :   }
    1111             :   // transfer this bools to the cd so that this settings will be reflected in the other calls
    1112       58656 :   this->alEqDis=alEqDis;
    1113       58656 :   this->safe=safe;
    1114       58656 :   isInitialized=true;
    1115             : 
    1116       58656 : }
    1117             : /// just retrieve the distance already calculated
    1118      103848 : double RMSDCoreData::getDistance( bool squared) {
    1119             : 
    1120      103848 :   if(!isInitialized)plumed_merror("getDistance cannot calculate the distance without being initialized first by doCoreCalc ");
    1121             : 
    1122             :   double localDist=0.0;
    1123      103848 :   const unsigned n=static_cast<unsigned int>(reference.size());
    1124      103848 :   if(safe || !alEqDis) localDist=0.0;
    1125             :   else
    1126       53779 :     localDist=eigenvals[0]+rr00+rr11;
    1127      207696 :   #pragma omp simd reduction(+:localDist)
    1128             :   for(unsigned iat=0; iat<n; iat++) {
    1129     1835505 :     if(alEqDis) {
    1130     1833843 :       if(safe) localDist+=align[iat]*modulo2(d[iat]);
    1131             :     } else {
    1132        1662 :       localDist+=displace[iat]*modulo2(d[iat]);
    1133             :     }
    1134             :   }
    1135      103848 :   if(!squared) {
    1136       10004 :     dist=std::sqrt(localDist);
    1137       10004 :     distanceIsMSD=false;
    1138             :   } else {
    1139       93844 :     dist=localDist;
    1140       93844 :     distanceIsMSD=true;
    1141             :   }
    1142      103848 :   hasDistance=true;
    1143      103848 :   return dist;
    1144             : }
    1145             : 
    1146       45192 : void RMSDCoreData::doCoreCalcWithCloseStructure(bool safe,bool alEqDis, const Tensor & rotationPosClose, const Tensor & rotationRefClose, std::array<std::array<Tensor,3>,3> & drotationPosCloseDrr01) {
    1147             : 
    1148       45192 :   unsigned natoms = reference.size();
    1149       45192 :   Tensor ddist_drxy;
    1150       45192 :   ddist_drr01.zero();
    1151       45192 :   d.resize(natoms);
    1152             : 
    1153             :   // center of mass managing: must subtract the center from the position or not?
    1154       45192 :   Vector cp; cp.zero(); if(!cpositions_is_removed)cp=cpositions;
    1155       45192 :   Vector cr; cr.zero(); if(!creference_is_removed)cr=creference;
    1156             :   //distance = \sum_{n=0}^{N} w_n(x_n-cpos-R_{XY} R_{AY} a_n)^2
    1157             : 
    1158       45192 :   Tensor rotation = matmul(rotationPosClose, rotationRefClose);
    1159             : 
    1160             :   // This pragma leads to incorrect results with INTEL compiler.
    1161             :   // Failures are seen in rt65-rmsd2, rt-close-structure, rt64-pca, and others.
    1162             :   // Not really clear why. GB
    1163             :   // #pragma omp simd
    1164      632688 :   for (unsigned iat=0; iat<natoms; iat++) {
    1165      587496 :     d[iat] = positions[iat] - cp - matmul(rotation, reference[iat]-cr);
    1166             :   }
    1167       45192 :   if (!alEqDis) {
    1168           0 :     for (unsigned iat=0; iat<natoms; iat++) {
    1169             :       //dist = \sum w_i(x_i - cpos - R_xy * R_ay * a_i)
    1170           0 :       ddist_drxy += -2*displace[iat]*extProduct(matmul(d[iat], rotationRefClose), reference[iat]-cr);
    1171             :     }
    1172           0 :     for(unsigned i=0; i<3; i++)
    1173           0 :       for(unsigned j=0; j<3; j++)
    1174           0 :         ddist_drr01+=ddist_drxy[i][j]*drotationPosCloseDrr01[i][j];
    1175             :   }
    1176       45192 :   this->alEqDis=alEqDis;
    1177       45192 :   this->safe=safe;
    1178       45192 :   isInitialized=true;
    1179       45192 : }
    1180             : 
    1181      102546 : std::vector<Vector> RMSDCoreData::getDDistanceDPositions() {
    1182             :   std::vector<Vector>  derivatives;
    1183      102546 :   const unsigned n=static_cast<unsigned int>(reference.size());
    1184      102546 :   Vector ddist_dcpositions;
    1185      102546 :   derivatives.resize(n);
    1186             :   double prefactor=1.0;
    1187      102546 :   if(!distanceIsMSD) prefactor*=0.5/dist;
    1188      102546 :   plumed_massert(!retrieve_only_rotation,"You used  only_rotation=true in doCoreCalc therefore you cannot retrieve this information now");
    1189      102546 :   if(!hasDistance)plumed_merror("getDPositionsDerivatives needs to calculate the distance via getDistance first !");
    1190      102546 :   if(!isInitialized)plumed_merror("getDPositionsDerivatives needs to initialize the coreData first!");
    1191      102546 :   Vector csum;
    1192     1437855 :   for(unsigned iat=0; iat<n; iat++) {
    1193     1335309 :     if(alEqDis) {
    1194             : // there is no need for derivatives of rotation and shift here as it is by construction zero
    1195             : // (similar to Hellman-Feynman forces)
    1196     1333947 :       derivatives[iat]= 2*prefactor*align[iat]*d[iat];
    1197             :     } else {
    1198             : // these are the derivatives assuming the roto-translation as frozen
    1199        1362 :       Vector tmp1=2*displace[iat]*d[iat];
    1200        1362 :       derivatives[iat]=tmp1;
    1201             : // derivative of cpositions
    1202        1362 :       ddist_dcpositions+=-tmp1;
    1203             :       // these needed for com corrections
    1204        1362 :       Vector tmp2=matmul(ddist_drr01,reference[iat]-creference)*align[iat];
    1205        1362 :       derivatives[iat]+=tmp2;
    1206        1362 :       csum+=tmp2;
    1207             :     }
    1208             :   }
    1209             : 
    1210      102546 :   if(!alEqDis)
    1211             :     #pragma omp simd
    1212        1362 :     for(unsigned iat=0; iat<n; iat++) {derivatives[iat]= prefactor*(derivatives[iat]+(ddist_dcpositions-csum)*align[iat]); }
    1213             : 
    1214      102546 :   return derivatives;
    1215             : }
    1216             : 
    1217           1 : std::vector<Vector>  RMSDCoreData::getDDistanceDReference() {
    1218             :   std::vector<Vector>  derivatives;
    1219           1 :   const unsigned n=static_cast<unsigned int>(reference.size());
    1220           1 :   Vector ddist_dcreference;
    1221           1 :   derivatives.resize(n);
    1222             :   double prefactor=1.0;
    1223           1 :   if(!distanceIsMSD) prefactor*=0.5/dist;
    1224           1 :   Vector csum;
    1225             : 
    1226           1 :   plumed_massert(!retrieve_only_rotation,"You used  only_rotation=true in doCoreCalc therefore you cannot retrieve this information now");
    1227           1 :   if(!hasDistance)plumed_merror("getDDistanceDReference needs to calculate the distance via getDistance first !");
    1228           1 :   if(!isInitialized)plumed_merror("getDDistanceDReference to initialize the coreData first!");
    1229             :   // get the transpose rotation
    1230           1 :   Tensor t_rotation=rotation.transpose();
    1231           1 :   Tensor t_ddist_drr01=ddist_drr01.transpose();
    1232             : 
    1233             : // third expensive loop: derivatives
    1234         856 :   for(unsigned iat=0; iat<n; iat++) {
    1235         855 :     if(alEqDis) {
    1236             : // there is no need for derivatives of rotation and shift here as it is by construction zero
    1237             : // (similar to Hellman-Feynman forces)
    1238             :       //TODO: check this derivative down here
    1239           0 :       derivatives[iat]= -2*prefactor*align[iat]*matmul(t_rotation,d[iat]);
    1240             :     } else {
    1241             : // these are the derivatives assuming the roto-translation as frozen
    1242         855 :       Vector tmp1=2*displace[iat]*matmul(t_rotation,d[iat]);
    1243         855 :       derivatives[iat]= -tmp1;
    1244             : // derivative of cpositions
    1245         855 :       ddist_dcreference+=tmp1;
    1246             :       // these below are needed for com correction
    1247         855 :       Vector tmp2=matmul(t_ddist_drr01,positions[iat]-cpositions)*align[iat];
    1248         855 :       derivatives[iat]+=tmp2;
    1249         855 :       csum+=tmp2;
    1250             :     }
    1251             :   }
    1252             : 
    1253           1 :   if(!alEqDis)
    1254             :     #pragma omp simd
    1255         855 :     for(unsigned iat=0; iat<n; iat++) {derivatives[iat]= prefactor*(derivatives[iat]+(ddist_dcreference-csum)*align[iat]);}
    1256             : 
    1257           1 :   return derivatives;
    1258             : }
    1259             : 
    1260             : /// this version does not calculate the derivative of rotation matrix as needed for SOMA
    1261           0 : std::vector<Vector>  RMSDCoreData::getDDistanceDReferenceSOMA() {
    1262             :   std::vector<Vector>  derivatives;
    1263           0 :   const unsigned n=static_cast<unsigned int>(reference.size());
    1264           0 :   Vector ddist_dcreference;
    1265           0 :   derivatives.resize(n);
    1266             :   double prefactor=1.0;
    1267           0 :   if(!distanceIsMSD) prefactor*=0.5/dist;
    1268           0 :   Vector csum,tmp1,tmp2;
    1269             : 
    1270           0 :   plumed_massert(!retrieve_only_rotation,"You used  only_rotation=true in doCoreCalc therefore you cannot retrieve this information now");
    1271           0 :   if(!hasDistance)plumed_merror("getDDistanceDReference needs to calculate the distance via getDistance first !");
    1272           0 :   if(!isInitialized)plumed_merror("getDDistanceDReference to initialize the coreData first!");
    1273             :   // get the transpose rotation
    1274           0 :   Tensor t_rotation=rotation.transpose();
    1275             : 
    1276             : // third expensive loop: derivatives
    1277           0 :   for(unsigned iat=0; iat<n; iat++) {
    1278           0 :     if(alEqDis) {
    1279             : // there is no need for derivatives of rotation and shift here as it is by construction zero
    1280             : // (similar to Hellman-Feynman forces)
    1281             :       //TODO: check this derivative down here
    1282           0 :       derivatives[iat]= -2*prefactor*align[iat]*matmul(t_rotation,d[iat]);
    1283             :     } else {
    1284             : // these are the derivatives assuming the roto-translation as frozen
    1285           0 :       tmp1=2*displace[iat]*matmul(t_rotation,d[iat]);
    1286           0 :       derivatives[iat]= -tmp1;
    1287             : // derivative of cpositions
    1288           0 :       ddist_dcreference+=tmp1;
    1289             :     }
    1290             :   }
    1291             : 
    1292           0 :   if(!alEqDis) for(unsigned iat=0; iat<n; iat++)derivatives[iat]=prefactor*(derivatives[iat]+ddist_dcreference*align[iat]);
    1293             : 
    1294           0 :   return derivatives;
    1295             : }
    1296             : 
    1297             : 
    1298             : 
    1299             : /*
    1300             : This below is the derivative of the rotation matrix that aligns the reference onto the positions
    1301             : respect to positions
    1302             : note that the this transformation overlap the  reference onto position
    1303             : if inverseTransform=true then aligns the positions onto reference
    1304             : */
    1305       56891 : Matrix<std::vector<Vector> >  RMSDCoreData::getDRotationDPositions( bool inverseTransform ) {
    1306       56891 :   const unsigned n=static_cast<unsigned int>(reference.size());
    1307       56891 :   plumed_massert(!retrieve_only_rotation,"You used  only_rotation=true in doCoreCalc therefore you cannot retrieve this information now");
    1308       56891 :   if(!isInitialized)plumed_merror("getDRotationDPosition to initialize the coreData first!");
    1309             :   Matrix<std::vector<Vector> > DRotDPos=Matrix<std::vector<Vector> >(3,3);
    1310             :   // remember drotation_drr01 is Tensor drotation_drr01[3][3]
    1311             :   //           (3x3 rot) (3x3 components of rr01)
    1312       56891 :   std::vector<Vector> v(n);
    1313       56891 :   Vector csum;
    1314             :   // these below could probably be calculated in the main routine
    1315       56891 :   Vector cp; cp.zero(); if(!cpositions_is_removed)cp=cpositions;
    1316       56891 :   Vector cr; cr.zero(); if(!creference_is_removed)cr=creference;
    1317     1281113 :   for(unsigned iat=0; iat<n; iat++) csum+=(reference[iat]-cr)*align[iat];
    1318     1281113 :   for(unsigned iat=0; iat<n; iat++) v[iat]=(reference[iat]-cr-csum)*align[iat];
    1319      227564 :   for(unsigned a=0; a<3; a++) {
    1320      682692 :     for(unsigned b=0; b<3; b++) {
    1321      512019 :       if(inverseTransform) {
    1322      512019 :         DRotDPos[b][a].resize(n);
    1323    11530017 :         for(unsigned iat=0; iat<n; iat++) {
    1324    11017998 :           DRotDPos[b][a][iat]=matmul(drotation_drr01[a][b],v[iat]);
    1325             :         }
    1326             :       } else {
    1327           0 :         DRotDPos[a][b].resize(n);
    1328           0 :         for(unsigned iat=0; iat<n; iat++) {
    1329           0 :           DRotDPos[a][b][iat]=matmul(drotation_drr01[a][b],v[iat]);
    1330             :         }
    1331             :       }
    1332             :     }
    1333             :   }
    1334       56891 :   return DRotDPos;
    1335             : }
    1336             : 
    1337             : /*
    1338             : This below is the derivative of the rotation matrix that aligns the reference onto the positions
    1339             : respect to reference
    1340             : note that the this transformation overlap the  reference onto position
    1341             : if inverseTransform=true then aligns the positions onto reference
    1342             : */
    1343           0 : Matrix<std::vector<Vector> >  RMSDCoreData::getDRotationDReference( bool inverseTransform ) {
    1344           0 :   const unsigned n=static_cast<unsigned int>(reference.size());
    1345           0 :   plumed_massert(!retrieve_only_rotation,"You used  only_rotation=true in doCoreCalc therefore you cannot retrieve this information now");
    1346           0 :   if(!isInitialized)plumed_merror("getDRotationDPositions to initialize the coreData first!");
    1347             :   Matrix<std::vector<Vector> > DRotDRef=Matrix<std::vector<Vector> >(3,3);
    1348             :   // remember drotation_drr01 is Tensor drotation_drr01[3][3]
    1349             :   //           (3x3 rot) (3x3 components of rr01)
    1350           0 :   std::vector<Vector> v(n);
    1351           0 :   Vector csum;
    1352             :   // these below could probably be calculated in the main routine
    1353           0 :   Vector cp; cp.zero(); if(!cpositions_is_removed)cp=cpositions;
    1354           0 :   Vector cr; cr.zero(); if(!creference_is_removed)cr=creference;
    1355           0 :   for(unsigned iat=0; iat<n; iat++) csum+=(positions[iat]-cp)*align[iat];
    1356           0 :   for(unsigned iat=0; iat<n; iat++) v[iat]=(positions[iat]-cp-csum)*align[iat];
    1357             : 
    1358           0 :   for(unsigned a=0; a<3; a++) {
    1359           0 :     for(unsigned b=0; b<3; b++) {
    1360           0 :       Tensor t_drotation_drr01=drotation_drr01[a][b].transpose();
    1361           0 :       if(inverseTransform) {
    1362           0 :         DRotDRef[b][a].resize(n);
    1363           0 :         for(unsigned iat=0; iat<n; iat++) {
    1364           0 :           DRotDRef[b][a][iat]=matmul(t_drotation_drr01,v[iat]);
    1365             :         }
    1366             :       } else {
    1367           0 :         DRotDRef[a][b].resize(n);
    1368           0 :         for(unsigned iat=0; iat<n; iat++) {
    1369           0 :           DRotDRef[a][b][iat]=matmul(t_drotation_drr01,v[iat]);
    1370             :         }
    1371             :       }
    1372             :     }
    1373             :   }
    1374           0 :   return DRotDRef;
    1375             : }
    1376             : 
    1377             : 
    1378           0 : std::vector<Vector> RMSDCoreData::getAlignedReferenceToPositions() {
    1379             :   std::vector<Vector> alignedref;
    1380           0 :   const unsigned n=static_cast<unsigned int>(reference.size());
    1381           0 :   alignedref.resize(n);
    1382           0 :   if(!isInitialized)plumed_merror("getAlignedReferenceToPostions needs to initialize the coreData first!");
    1383             :   // avoid to calculate matrix element but use the sum of what you have
    1384           0 :   Vector cp; cp.zero(); if(!cpositions_is_removed)cp=cpositions;
    1385           0 :   for(unsigned iat=0; iat<n; iat++)alignedref[iat]=-d[iat]+positions[iat]-cp;
    1386           0 :   return alignedref;
    1387             : }
    1388       56681 : std::vector<Vector> RMSDCoreData::getAlignedPositionsToReference() {
    1389             :   std::vector<Vector> alignedpos;
    1390       56681 :   if(!isInitialized)plumed_merror("getAlignedPostionsToReference needs to initialize the coreData first!");
    1391       56681 :   const unsigned n=static_cast<unsigned int>(positions.size());
    1392       56681 :   alignedpos.resize(n);
    1393       56681 :   Vector cp; cp.zero(); if(!cpositions_is_removed)cp=cpositions;
    1394             :   // avoid to calculate matrix element but use the sum of what you have
    1395      794903 :   for(unsigned iat=0; iat<n; iat++)alignedpos[iat]=matmul(rotation.transpose(),positions[iat]-cp);
    1396       56681 :   return alignedpos;
    1397             : }
    1398             : 
    1399             : 
    1400       56891 : std::vector<Vector> RMSDCoreData::getCenteredPositions() {
    1401             :   std::vector<Vector> centeredpos;
    1402       56891 :   const unsigned n=static_cast<unsigned int>(reference.size());
    1403       56891 :   centeredpos.resize(n);
    1404       56891 :   if(!isInitialized)plumed_merror("getCenteredPositions needs to initialize the coreData first!");
    1405             :   // avoid to calculate matrix element but use the sum of what you have
    1406     1281113 :   for(unsigned iat=0; iat<n; iat++)centeredpos[iat]=positions[iat]-cpositions;
    1407       56891 :   return centeredpos;
    1408             : }
    1409             : 
    1410       56681 : std::vector<Vector> RMSDCoreData::getCenteredReference() {
    1411             :   std::vector<Vector> centeredref;
    1412       56681 :   const unsigned n=static_cast<unsigned int>(reference.size());
    1413       56681 :   centeredref.resize(n);
    1414       56681 :   if(!isInitialized)plumed_merror("getCenteredReference needs to initialize the coreData first!");
    1415             :   // avoid to calculate matrix element but use the sum of what you have
    1416       56681 :   Vector cr; cr.zero(); if(!creference_is_removed)cr=creference;
    1417      794903 :   for(unsigned iat=0; iat<n; iat++)centeredref[iat]=reference[iat]-cr;
    1418       56681 :   return centeredref;
    1419             : }
    1420             : 
    1421             : 
    1422         210 : Vector RMSDCoreData::getPositionsCenter() {
    1423         210 :   if(!isInitialized)plumed_merror("getCenteredPositions needs to initialize the coreData first!");
    1424         210 :   return cpositions;
    1425             : }
    1426             : 
    1427           0 : Vector RMSDCoreData::getReferenceCenter() {
    1428           0 :   if(!isInitialized)plumed_merror("getCenteredPositions needs to initialize the coreData first!");
    1429           0 :   return creference;
    1430             : }
    1431             : 
    1432        1764 : Tensor RMSDCoreData::getRotationMatrixReferenceToPositions() {
    1433        1764 :   if(!isInitialized)plumed_merror("getRotationMatrixReferenceToPositions needs to initialize the coreData first!");
    1434        1764 :   return rotation;
    1435             : }
    1436             : 
    1437       56891 : Tensor RMSDCoreData::getRotationMatrixPositionsToReference() {
    1438       56891 :   if(!isInitialized)plumed_merror("getRotationMatrixReferenceToPositions needs to initialize the coreData first!");
    1439       56891 :   return rotation.transpose();
    1440             : }
    1441             : 
    1442        1092 : const std::array<std::array<Tensor,3>,3> &  RMSDCoreData::getDRotationDRr01() const {
    1443        1092 :   if(!isInitialized)plumed_merror("getDRotationDRr01 needs to initialize the coreData first!");
    1444        1092 :   return drotation_drr01;
    1445             : }
    1446             : 
    1447             : 
    1448             : 
    1449             : template double RMSD::optimalAlignment<true,true>(const  std::vector<double>  & align,
    1450             :     const  std::vector<double>  & displace,
    1451             :     const std::vector<Vector> & positions,
    1452             :     const std::vector<Vector> & reference,
    1453             :     std::vector<Vector>  & derivatives, bool squared)const;
    1454             : template double RMSD::optimalAlignment<true,false>(const  std::vector<double>  & align,
    1455             :     const  std::vector<double>  & displace,
    1456             :     const std::vector<Vector> & positions,
    1457             :     const std::vector<Vector> & reference,
    1458             :     std::vector<Vector>  & derivatives, bool squared)const;
    1459             : template double RMSD::optimalAlignment<false,true>(const  std::vector<double>  & align,
    1460             :     const  std::vector<double>  & displace,
    1461             :     const std::vector<Vector> & positions,
    1462             :     const std::vector<Vector> & reference,
    1463             :     std::vector<Vector>  & derivatives, bool squared)const;
    1464             : template double RMSD::optimalAlignment<false,false>(const  std::vector<double>  & align,
    1465             :     const  std::vector<double>  & displace,
    1466             :     const std::vector<Vector> & positions,
    1467             :     const std::vector<Vector> & reference,
    1468             :     std::vector<Vector>  & derivatives, bool squared)const;
    1469             : 
    1470             : 
    1471             : 
    1472             : }

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