LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - piv - PIV.cpp (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: plumed test coverage Lines: 428 596 71.8 %
Date: 2024-10-18 14:00:25 Functions: 3 5 60.0 %

          Line data    Source code
       1             : /* +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
       2             : Copyright (c) 2017 of Pipolo Silvio and Fabio Pietrucci.
       3             : 
       4             : The piv module is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
       5             : it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
       6             : the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
       7             : (at your option) any later version.
       8             : 
       9             : The piv module is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
      10             : but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
      11             : MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
      12             : GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
      13             : 
      14             : You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
      15             : along with plumed.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
      16             : +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ */
      17             : #include "colvar/Colvar.h"
      18             : #include "core/ActionRegister.h"
      19             : #include "core/PlumedMain.h"
      20             : #include "core/ActionWithVirtualAtom.h"
      21             : #include "tools/NeighborList.h"
      22             : #include "tools/SwitchingFunction.h"
      23             : #include "tools/PDB.h"
      24             : #include "tools/Pbc.h"
      25             : #include "tools/Communicator.h"
      26             : #include "tools/Stopwatch.h"
      27             : #include "core/ActionSet.h"
      28             : 
      29             : #include <string>
      30             : #include <cmath>
      31             : #include <iostream>
      32             : 
      33             : using namespace std;
      34             : 
      35             : namespace PLMD
      36             : {
      37             : namespace piv
      38             : {
      39             : 
      40             : //+PLUMEDOC PIVMOD_COLVAR PIV
      41             : /*
      42             : Calculates the PIV-distance.
      43             : 
      44             : PIV distance is the squared Cartesian distance between the PIV \cite gallet2013structural \cite pipolo2017navigating
      45             : associated to the configuration of the system during the dynamics and a reference configuration provided
      46             : as input (PDB file format).
      47             : PIV can be used together with \ref FUNCPATHMSD to define a path in the PIV space.
      48             : 
      49             : \par Examples
      50             : 
      51             : The following example calculates PIV-distances from three reference configurations in Ref1.pdb, Ref2.pdb and Ref3.pdb
      52             : and prints the results in a file named colvar.
      53             : Three atoms (PIVATOMS=3) with names (pdb file) A B and C are used to construct the PIV and all PIV blocks (AA, BB, CC, AB, AC, BC) are considered.
      54             : SFACTOR is a scaling factor that multiplies the contribution to the PIV-distance given by the single PIV block.
      55             : NLIST sets the use of neighbor lists for calculating atom-atom distances.
      56             : The SWITCH keyword specifies the parameters of the switching function that transforms atom-atom distances.
      57             : SORT=1 means that the PIV block elements are sorted (SORT=0 no sorting.)
      58             : Values for SORT, SFACTOR and the neighbor list parameters have to be specified for each block.
      59             : The order is the following: AA,BB,CC,AB,AC,BC. If ONLYDIRECT (ONLYCROSS) is used the order is AA,BB,CC (AB,AC,BC).
      60             : The sorting operation within each PIV block is performed using the counting sort algorithm, PRECISION specifies the size of the counting array.
      61             : 
      62             : \plumedfile
      63             : PIV ...
      64             : LABEL=Pivd1
      65             : PRECISION=1000
      66             : NLIST
      67             : REF_FILE=Ref1.pdb
      68             : PIVATOMS=3
      69             : ATOMTYPES=A,B,C
      70             : SFACTOR=0.3,0.5,1.0,0.2,0.2,0.2
      71             : SORT=1,1,1,1,1,1
      72             : SWITCH1={RATIONAL R_0=0.6 MM=12 NN=4}
      73             : SWITCH2={RATIONAL R_0=0.4 MM=10 NN=5}
      74             : SWITCH3={RATIONAL R_0=0.4 MM=10 NN=5}
      75             : SWITCH4={RATIONAL R_0=0.5 MM=12 NN=6}
      76             : SWITCH5={RATIONAL R_0=0.5 MM=12 NN=6}
      77             : SWITCH6={RATIONAL R_0=0.5 MM=12 NN=6}
      78             : NL_CUTOFF=0.8,0.6,0.6,0.7,0.7,0.7
      79             : NL_STRIDE=10,10,10,10,10,10
      80             : NL_SKIN=0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1
      81             : ... PIV
      82             : PIV ...
      83             : LABEL=Pivd2
      84             : PRECISION=1000
      85             : NLIST
      86             : REF_FILE=Ref2.pdb
      87             : PIVATOMS=3
      88             : ATOMTYPES=A,B,C
      89             : SFACTOR=0.3,0.5,1.0,0.2,0.2,0.2
      90             : SORT=1,1,1,1,1,1
      91             : SWITCH1={RATIONAL R_0=0.6 MM=12 NN=4}
      92             : SWITCH2={RATIONAL R_0=0.4 MM=10 NN=5}
      93             : SWITCH3={RATIONAL R_0=0.4 MM=10 NN=5}
      94             : SWITCH4={RATIONAL R_0=0.5 MM=12 NN=6}
      95             : SWITCH5={RATIONAL R_0=0.5 MM=12 NN=6}
      96             : SWITCH6={RATIONAL R_0=0.5 MM=12 NN=6}
      97             : NL_CUTOFF=0.8,0.6,0.6,0.7,0.7,0.7
      98             : NL_STRIDE=10,10,10,10,10,10
      99             : NL_SKIN=0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1
     100             : ... PIV
     101             : PIV ...
     102             : LABEL=Pivd3
     103             : PRECISION=1000
     104             : NLIST
     105             : REF_FILE=Ref3.pdb
     106             : PIVATOMS=3
     107             : ATOMTYPES=A,B,C
     108             : SFACTOR=0.3,0.5,1.0,0.2,0.2,0.2
     109             : SORT=1,1,1,1,1,1
     110             : SWITCH1={RATIONAL R_0=0.6 MM=12 NN=4}
     111             : SWITCH2={RATIONAL R_0=0.4 MM=10 NN=5}
     112             : SWITCH3={RATIONAL R_0=0.4 MM=10 NN=5}
     113             : SWITCH4={RATIONAL R_0=0.5 MM=12 NN=6}
     114             : SWITCH5={RATIONAL R_0=0.5 MM=12 NN=6}
     115             : SWITCH6={RATIONAL R_0=0.5 MM=12 NN=6}
     116             : NL_CUTOFF=0.8,0.6,0.6,0.7,0.7,0.7
     117             : NL_STRIDE=10,10,10,10,10,10
     118             : NL_SKIN=0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1
     119             : ... PIV
     120             : 
     121             : PRINT ARG=Pivd1,Pivd2,Pivd3 FILE=colvar
     122             : \endplumedfile
     123             : 
     124             : WARNING:
     125             : Both the "CRYST" and "ATOM" lines of the PDB files must conform precisely to the official pdb format, including the width of each alphanumerical field:
     126             : 
     127             : \verbatim
     128             : CRYST1   31.028   36.957   23.143  89.93  92.31  89.99 P 1           1
     129             : ATOM      1  OW1 wate    1      15.630  19.750   1.520  1.00  0.00
     130             : \endverbatim
     131             : 
     132             : In each pdb frame, atoms must be numbered in the same order and with the same element symbol as in the input of the MD program.
     133             : 
     134             : The following example calculates the PIV-distances from two reference configurations Ref1.pdb and Ref2.pdb
     135             : and uses PIV-distances to define a Path Collective Variable (\ref FUNCPATHMSD) with only two references (Ref1.pdb and Ref2.pdb).
     136             : With the VOLUME keyword one scales the atom-atom distances by the cubic root of the ratio between the specified value and the box volume of the initial step of the trajectory file.
     137             : 
     138             : \plumedfile
     139             : PIV ...
     140             : LABEL=c1
     141             : PRECISION=1000
     142             : VOLUME=12.15
     143             : NLIST
     144             : REF_FILE=Ref1.pdb
     145             : PIVATOMS=2
     146             : ATOMTYPES=A,B
     147             : ONLYDIRECT
     148             : SFACTOR=1.0,0.2
     149             : SORT=1,1
     150             : SWITCH1={RATIONAL R_0=0.6 MM=12 NN=4}
     151             : SWITCH2={RATIONAL R_0=0.5 MM=10 NN=5}
     152             : NL_CUTOFF=1.2,1.2
     153             : NL_STRIDE=10,10
     154             : NL_SKIN=0.1,0.1
     155             : ... PIV
     156             : PIV ...
     157             : LABEL=c2
     158             : PRECISION=1000
     159             : VOLUME=12.15
     160             : NLIST
     161             : REF_FILE=Ref2.pdb
     162             : PIVATOMS=2
     163             : ATOMTYPES=A,B
     164             : ONLYDIRECT
     165             : SFACTOR=1.0,0.2
     166             : SORT=1,1
     167             : SWITCH1={RATIONAL R_0=0.6 MM=12 NN=4}
     168             : SWITCH2={RATIONAL R_0=0.4 MM=10 NN=5}
     169             : NL_CUTOFF=1.2,1.2
     170             : NL_STRIDE=10,10
     171             : NL_SKIN=0.1,0.1
     172             : ... PIV
     173             : 
     174             : p1: FUNCPATHMSD ARG=c1,c2 LAMBDA=0.180338
     175             : METAD ARG=p1.s,p1.z SIGMA=0.01,0.2 HEIGHT=0.8 PACE=500   LABEL=res
     176             : PRINT ARG=c1,c2,p1.s,p1.z,res.bias STRIDE=500  FILE=colvar FMT=%15.6f
     177             : \endplumedfile
     178             : 
     179             : When using PIV please cite \cite pipolo2017navigating .
     180             : 
     181             : (See also \ref PRINT)
     182             : 
     183             : */
     184             : //+ENDPLUMEDOC
     185             : 
     186             : class PIV      : public Colvar
     187             : {
     188             : private:
     189             :   bool pbc, serial, timer;
     190             :   ForwardDecl<Stopwatch> stopwatch_fwd;
     191             :   Stopwatch& stopwatch=*stopwatch_fwd;
     192             :   int updatePIV;
     193             :   size_t Nprec;
     194             :   unsigned Natm,Nlist,NLsize;
     195             :   double Fvol,Vol0,m_PIVdistance;
     196             :   std::string ref_file;
     197             :   std::unique_ptr<NeighborList> nlall;
     198             :   std::vector<SwitchingFunction> sfs;
     199             :   std::vector<std:: vector<double> > rPIV;
     200             :   std::vector<double> scaling,r00;
     201             :   std::vector<double> nl_skin;
     202             :   std::vector<double> fmass;
     203             :   std::vector<bool> dosort;
     204             :   std::vector<Vector> compos;
     205             :   std::vector<string> sw;
     206             :   std::vector<std::unique_ptr<NeighborList>> nl;
     207             :   std::vector<std::unique_ptr<NeighborList>> nlcom;
     208             :   std::vector<Vector> m_deriv;
     209             :   Tensor m_virial;
     210             :   bool Svol,cross,direct,doneigh,test,CompDer,com;
     211             : 
     212             :   /// Local structure, used to store data that should be
     213             :   /// shared across multiple PIV instances
     214           6 :   struct SharedData {
     215             :     int prev_stp=-1;
     216             :     int init_stp=1;
     217             :     std:: vector<std:: vector<Vector> > prev_pos;
     218             :     std:: vector<std:: vector<double> > cPIV;
     219             :     std:: vector<std:: vector<int> > Atom0;
     220             :     std:: vector<std:: vector<int> > Atom1;
     221             :   };
     222             :   /// Owning pointer. Will only be allocated by the first PIV instance
     223             :   std::unique_ptr<SharedData> sharedData_unique;
     224             :   /// Raw pointer. Will have the same value for all PIV instances
     225             :   SharedData* sharedData=nullptr;
     226             : 
     227             : public:
     228             :   static void registerKeywords( Keywords& keys );
     229             :   explicit PIV(const ActionOptions&);
     230             :   // active methods:
     231             :   virtual void calculate();
     232           0 :   void checkFieldsAllowed() {}
     233             : };
     234             : 
     235             : PLUMED_REGISTER_ACTION(PIV,"PIV")
     236             : 
     237          14 : void PIV::registerKeywords( Keywords& keys )
     238             : {
     239          14 :   Colvar::registerKeywords( keys );
     240          28 :   keys.add("numbered","SWITCH","The switching functions parameter."
     241             :            "You should specify a Switching function for all PIV blocks."
     242             :            "Details of the various switching "
     243             :            "functions you can use are provided on switchingfunction.");
     244          28 :   keys.add("compulsory","PRECISION","the precision for approximating reals with integers in sorting.");
     245          28 :   keys.add("compulsory","REF_FILE","PDB file name that contains the ith reference structure.");
     246          28 :   keys.add("compulsory","PIVATOMS","Number of atoms to use for PIV.");
     247          28 :   keys.add("compulsory","SORT","Whether to sort or not the PIV block.");
     248          28 :   keys.add("compulsory","ATOMTYPES","The atom types to use for PIV.");
     249          28 :   keys.add("optional","SFACTOR","Scale the PIV-distance by such block-specific factor");
     250          28 :   keys.add("optional","VOLUME","Scale atom-atom distances by the cubic root of the cell volume. The input volume is used to scale the R_0 value of the switching function. ");
     251          28 :   keys.add("optional","UPDATEPIV","Frequency (in steps) at which the PIV is updated.");
     252          28 :   keys.addFlag("TEST",false,"Print the actual and reference PIV and exit");
     253          28 :   keys.addFlag("COM",false,"Use centers of mass of groups of atoms instead of atoms as specified in the Pdb file");
     254          28 :   keys.addFlag("ONLYCROSS",false,"Use only cross-terms (A-B, A-C, B-C, ...) in PIV");
     255          28 :   keys.addFlag("ONLYDIRECT",false,"Use only direct-terms (A-A, B-B, C-C, ...) in PIV");
     256          28 :   keys.addFlag("DERIVATIVES",false,"Activate the calculation of the PIV for every class (needed for numerical derivatives).");
     257          28 :   keys.addFlag("NLIST",false,"Use a neighbor list for distance calculations.");
     258          28 :   keys.addFlag("SERIAL",false,"Perform the calculation in serial - for debug purpose");
     259          28 :   keys.addFlag("TIMER",false,"Perform timing analysis on heavy loops.");
     260          28 :   keys.add("optional","NL_CUTOFF","Neighbor lists cutoff.");
     261          28 :   keys.add("optional","NL_STRIDE","Update neighbor lists every NL_STRIDE steps.");
     262          28 :   keys.add("optional","NL_SKIN","The maximum atom displacement tolerated for the neighbor lists update.");
     263          28 :   keys.reset_style("SWITCH","compulsory");
     264          14 :   keys.setValueDescription("the PIV-distance");
     265          14 : }
     266             : 
     267          12 : PIV::PIV(const ActionOptions&ao):
     268             :   PLUMED_COLVAR_INIT(ao),
     269          12 :   pbc(true),
     270          12 :   serial(false),
     271          12 :   timer(false),
     272          12 :   updatePIV(1),
     273          12 :   Nprec(1000),
     274          12 :   Natm(1),
     275          12 :   Nlist(1),
     276          12 :   NLsize(1),
     277          12 :   Fvol(1.),
     278          12 :   Vol0(0.),
     279          12 :   m_PIVdistance(0.),
     280          12 :   rPIV(std:: vector<std:: vector<double> >(Nlist)),
     281          12 :   scaling(std:: vector<double>(Nlist)),
     282          12 :   r00(std:: vector<double>(Nlist)),
     283          12 :   nl_skin(std:: vector<double>(Nlist)),
     284          12 :   fmass(std:: vector<double>(Nlist)),
     285          12 :   dosort(std:: vector<bool>(Nlist)),
     286          12 :   compos(std:: vector<Vector>(NLsize)),
     287          12 :   sw(std:: vector<string>(Nlist)),
     288          12 :   nl(Nlist),
     289          12 :   nlcom(NLsize),
     290          12 :   m_deriv(std:: vector<Vector>(1)),
     291          12 :   Svol(false),
     292          12 :   cross(true),
     293          12 :   direct(true),
     294          12 :   doneigh(false),
     295          12 :   test(false),
     296          12 :   CompDer(false),
     297          24 :   com(false)
     298             : {
     299          12 :   log << "Starting PIV Constructor\n";
     300             : 
     301             :   {
     302             :     // look for another PIV instance previously allocated
     303          12 :     auto* previous=plumed.getActionSet().selectLatest<PIV*>(this);
     304             : 
     305             :     // Uncommenting the following line, it is possible to force
     306             :     // a separate object per instance of the PIB object.
     307             :     // Results are unaffected, but performance is worse.
     308             :     // I think this is the expected behavior. GB
     309             :     // previous=nullptr;
     310             : 
     311          12 :     if(!previous) {
     312             :       // if not found, allocate the shared data struct
     313           6 :       sharedData_unique=Tools::make_unique<SharedData>();
     314             :       // then set the raw pointer
     315           6 :       sharedData=sharedData_unique.get();
     316             :     } else {
     317             :       // if found, use the previous raw pointer
     318           6 :       sharedData=previous->sharedData;
     319           6 :       log << "(a previous PIV action was found)\n";
     320             :     }
     321             :   }
     322             : 
     323             :   // Precision on the real-to-integer transformation for the sorting
     324          12 :   parse("PRECISION",Nprec);
     325          12 :   if(Nprec<2) error("Precision must be => 2");
     326             : 
     327             :   // PBC
     328          12 :   bool nopbc=!pbc;
     329          12 :   parseFlag("NOPBC",nopbc);
     330          12 :   pbc=!nopbc;
     331          12 :   if(pbc) {
     332          12 :     log << "Using Periodic Boundary Conditions\n";
     333             :   } else  {
     334           0 :     log << "Isolated System (NO PBC)\n";
     335             :   }
     336             : 
     337             :   // SERIAL/PARALLEL
     338          12 :   parseFlag("SERIAL",serial);
     339          12 :   if(serial) {
     340           0 :     log << "Serial PIV construction\n";
     341             :   } else     {
     342          12 :     log << "Parallel PIV construction\n";
     343             :   }
     344             : 
     345             :   // Derivatives
     346          12 :   parseFlag("DERIVATIVES",CompDer);
     347          12 :   if(CompDer) log << "Computing Derivatives\n";
     348             : 
     349             :   // Timing
     350          12 :   parseFlag("TIMER",timer);
     351          12 :   if(timer) {
     352           1 :     log << "Timing analysis\n";
     353           1 :     stopwatch.start();
     354           1 :     stopwatch.pause();
     355             :   }
     356             : 
     357             :   // Test
     358          12 :   parseFlag("TEST",test);
     359             : 
     360             :   // UPDATEPIV
     361          24 :   if(keywords.exists("UPDATEPIV")) {
     362          24 :     parse("UPDATEPIV",updatePIV);
     363             :   }
     364             : 
     365             :   // Test
     366          12 :   parseFlag("COM",com);
     367          12 :   if(com) log << "Building PIV using COMs\n";
     368             : 
     369             :   // Volume Scaling
     370          12 :   parse("VOLUME",Vol0);
     371          12 :   if (Vol0>0) {
     372          12 :     Svol=true;
     373             :   }
     374             : 
     375             :   // PIV direct and cross blocks
     376          12 :   bool oc=false,od=false;
     377          12 :   parseFlag("ONLYCROSS",oc);
     378          12 :   parseFlag("ONLYDIRECT",od);
     379          12 :   if (oc&&od) {
     380           0 :     error("ONLYCROSS and ONLYDIRECT are incompatible options!");
     381             :   }
     382          12 :   if(oc) {
     383           4 :     direct=false;
     384           4 :     log << "Using only CROSS-PIV blocks\n";
     385             :   }
     386          12 :   if(od) {
     387           4 :     cross=false;
     388           4 :     log << "Using only DIRECT-PIV blocks\n";
     389             :   }
     390             : 
     391             :   // Atoms for PIV
     392          12 :   parse("PIVATOMS",Natm);
     393          12 :   std:: vector<string> atype(Natm);
     394          12 :   parseVector("ATOMTYPES",atype);
     395             :   //if(atype.size()!=getNumberOfArguments() && atype.size()!=0) error("not enough values for ATOMTYPES");
     396             : 
     397             :   // Reference PDB file
     398          12 :   parse("REF_FILE",ref_file);
     399          12 :   PDB mypdb;
     400          12 :   FILE* fp=fopen(ref_file.c_str(),"r");
     401          12 :   if (fp!=NULL) {
     402          12 :     log<<"Opening PDB file with reference frame: "<<ref_file.c_str()<<"\n";
     403          12 :     mypdb.readFromFilepointer(fp,usingNaturalUnits(),0.1/getUnits().getLength());
     404          12 :     fclose (fp);
     405             :   } else {
     406           0 :     error("Error in reference PDB file");
     407             :   }
     408             : 
     409             :   // Build COM/Atom lists of AtomNumbers (this might be done in PBC.cpp)
     410             :   // Atomlist or Plist used to build pair lists
     411          12 :   std:: vector<std:: vector<AtomNumber> > Plist(Natm);
     412             :   // Atomlist used to build list of atoms for each COM
     413          12 :   std:: vector<std:: vector<AtomNumber> > comatm(1);
     414             :   // NLsize is the number of atoms in the pdb cell
     415          12 :   NLsize=mypdb.getAtomNumbers().size();
     416             :   // In the following P stands for Point (either an Atom or a COM)
     417             :   unsigned resnum=0;
     418             :   // Presind (array size: number of residues) contains the contains the residue number
     419             :   //   this is because the residue numbers may not always be ordered from 1 to resnum
     420             :   std:: vector<unsigned> Presind;
     421             :   // Build Presind
     422       19404 :   for (unsigned i=0; i<mypdb.getAtomNumbers().size(); i++) {
     423       19392 :     unsigned rind=mypdb.getResidueNumber(mypdb.getAtomNumbers()[i]);
     424             :     bool oldres=false;
     425     7705008 :     for (unsigned j=0; j<Presind.size(); j++) {
     426     7685616 :       if(rind==Presind[j]) {
     427             :         oldres=true;
     428             :       }
     429             :     }
     430       19392 :     if(!oldres) {
     431        4848 :       Presind.push_back(rind);
     432             :     }
     433             :   }
     434          12 :   resnum=Presind.size();
     435             : 
     436             :   // Pind0 is the atom/COM used in Nlists (for COM Pind0 is the first atom in the pdb belonging to that COM)
     437             :   unsigned Pind0size;
     438          12 :   if(com) {
     439             :     Pind0size=resnum;
     440             :   } else {
     441          12 :     Pind0size=NLsize;
     442             :   }
     443          12 :   std:: vector<unsigned> Pind0(Pind0size);
     444             :   // If COM resize important arrays
     445          12 :   comatm.resize(NLsize);
     446          12 :   if(com) {
     447           0 :     nlcom.resize(NLsize);
     448           0 :     compos.resize(NLsize);
     449           0 :     fmass.resize(NLsize,0.);
     450             :   }
     451          12 :   log << "Total COM/Atoms: " << Natm*resnum << " \n";
     452             :   // Build lists of Atoms/COMs for NLists
     453             :   //   comatm filled also for non_COM calculation for analysis purposes
     454          36 :   for (unsigned j=0; j<Natm; j++) {
     455             :     unsigned oind;
     456       38808 :     for (unsigned i=0; i<Pind0.size(); i++) {
     457       38784 :       Pind0[i]=0;
     458             :     }
     459       38808 :     for (unsigned i=0; i<mypdb.getAtomNumbers().size(); i++) {
     460             :       // Residue/Atom AtomNumber: used to build NL for COMS/Atoms pairs.
     461       38784 :       AtomNumber anum=mypdb.getAtomNumbers()[i];
     462             :       // ResidueName/Atomname associated to atom
     463       38784 :       string rname=mypdb.getResidueName(anum);
     464       38784 :       string aname=mypdb.getAtomName(anum);
     465             :       // Index associated to residue/atom: used to separate COM-lists
     466       38784 :       unsigned rind=mypdb.getResidueNumber(anum);
     467             :       unsigned aind=anum.index();
     468             :       // This builds lists for NL
     469             :       string Pname;
     470             :       unsigned Pind;
     471       38784 :       if(com) {
     472             :         Pname=rname;
     473           0 :         for(unsigned l=0; l<resnum; l++) {
     474           0 :           if(rind==Presind[l]) {
     475             :             Pind=l;
     476             :           }
     477             :         }
     478             :       } else {
     479             :         Pname=aname;
     480             :         Pind=aind;
     481             :       }
     482       38784 :       if(Pname==atype[j]) {
     483       14544 :         if(Pind0[Pind]==0) {
     484             :           // adding the atomnumber to the atom/COM list for pairs
     485       14544 :           Plist[j].push_back(anum);
     486       14544 :           Pind0[Pind]=aind+1;
     487             :           oind=Pind;
     488             :         }
     489             :         // adding the atomnumber to list of atoms for every COM/Atoms
     490       14544 :         comatm[Pind0[Pind]-1].push_back(anum);
     491             :       }
     492             :     }
     493             :     // Output Lists
     494          24 :     log << "  Groups of type  " << j << ": " << Plist[j].size() << " \n";
     495             :     string gname;
     496             :     unsigned gsize;
     497          24 :     if(com) {
     498           0 :       gname=mypdb.getResidueName(comatm[Pind0[oind]-1][0]);
     499           0 :       gsize=comatm[Pind0[oind]-1].size();
     500             :     } else {
     501          48 :       gname=mypdb.getAtomName(comatm[Pind0[oind]-1][0]);
     502             :       gsize=1;
     503             :     }
     504          24 :     log.printf("    %6s %3s %13s %10i %6s\n", "type  ", gname.c_str(),"   containing ",gsize," atoms");
     505             :   }
     506             : 
     507             :   // This is to build the list with all the atoms
     508             :   std:: vector<AtomNumber> listall;
     509       19404 :   for (unsigned i=0; i<mypdb.getAtomNumbers().size(); i++) {
     510       19392 :     listall.push_back(mypdb.getAtomNumbers()[i]);
     511             :   }
     512             : 
     513             :   // PIV blocks and Neighbour Lists
     514          12 :   Nlist=0;
     515             :   // Direct adds the A-A ad B-B blocks (N)
     516          12 :   if(direct) {
     517           8 :     Nlist=Nlist+unsigned(Natm);
     518             :   }
     519             :   // Cross adds the A-B blocks (N*(N-1)/2)
     520          12 :   if(cross) {
     521           8 :     Nlist=Nlist+unsigned(double(Natm*(Natm-1))/2.);
     522             :   }
     523             :   // Resize vectors according to Nlist
     524          12 :   rPIV.resize(Nlist);
     525             : 
     526             :   // PIV scaled option
     527          12 :   scaling.resize(Nlist);
     528          36 :   for(unsigned j=0; j<Nlist; j++) {
     529          24 :     scaling[j]=1.;
     530             :   }
     531          24 :   if(keywords.exists("SFACTOR")) {
     532          24 :     parseVector("SFACTOR",scaling);
     533             :     //if(scaling.size()!=getNumberOfArguments() && scaling.size()!=0) error("not enough values for SFACTOR");
     534             :   }
     535             :   // Neighbour Lists option
     536          12 :   parseFlag("NLIST",doneigh);
     537          12 :   nl.resize(Nlist);
     538          12 :   nl_skin.resize(Nlist);
     539          12 :   if(doneigh) {
     540          12 :     std:: vector<double> nl_cut(Nlist,0.);
     541          12 :     std:: vector<int> nl_st(Nlist,0);
     542          12 :     parseVector("NL_CUTOFF",nl_cut);
     543             :     //if(nl_cut.size()!=getNumberOfArguments() && nl_cut.size()!=0) error("not enough values for NL_CUTOFF");
     544          12 :     parseVector("NL_STRIDE",nl_st);
     545             :     //if(nl_st.size()!=getNumberOfArguments() && nl_st.size()!=0) error("not enough values for NL_STRIDE");
     546          12 :     parseVector("NL_SKIN",nl_skin);
     547             :     //if(nl_skin.size()!=getNumberOfArguments() && nl_skin.size()!=0) error("not enough values for NL_SKIN");
     548          36 :     for (unsigned j=0; j<Nlist; j++) {
     549          24 :       if(nl_cut[j]<=0.0) error("NL_CUTOFF should be explicitly specified and positive");
     550          24 :       if(nl_st[j]<=0) error("NL_STRIDE should be explicitly specified and positive");
     551          24 :       if(nl_skin[j]<=0.) error("NL_SKIN should be explicitly specified and positive");
     552          24 :       nl_cut[j]=nl_cut[j]+nl_skin[j];
     553             :     }
     554          12 :     log << "Creating Neighbor Lists \n";
     555             :     // WARNING: is nl_cut meaningful here?
     556          24 :     nlall= Tools::make_unique<NeighborList>(listall,true,pbc,getPbc(),comm,nl_cut[0],nl_st[0]);
     557          12 :     if(com) {
     558             :       //Build lists of Atoms for every COM
     559           0 :       for (unsigned i=0; i<compos.size(); i++) {
     560             :         // WARNING: is nl_cut meaningful here?
     561           0 :         nlcom[i] = Tools::make_unique<NeighborList>(comatm[i],true,pbc,getPbc(),comm,nl_cut[0],nl_st[0]);
     562             :       }
     563             :     }
     564             :     unsigned ncnt=0;
     565             :     // Direct blocks AA, BB, CC, ...
     566          12 :     if(direct) {
     567          24 :       for (unsigned j=0; j<Natm; j++) {
     568          16 :         nl[ncnt]= Tools::make_unique<NeighborList>(Plist[j],true,pbc,getPbc(),comm,nl_cut[j],nl_st[j]);
     569          16 :         ncnt+=1;
     570             :       }
     571             :     }
     572             :     // Cross blocks AB, AC, BC, ...
     573          12 :     if(cross) {
     574          24 :       for (unsigned j=0; j<Natm; j++) {
     575          24 :         for (unsigned i=j+1; i<Natm; i++) {
     576          16 :           nl[ncnt]= Tools::make_unique<NeighborList>(Plist[i],Plist[j],true,false,pbc,getPbc(),comm,nl_cut[ncnt],nl_st[ncnt]);
     577           8 :           ncnt+=1;
     578             :         }
     579             :       }
     580             :     }
     581             :   } else {
     582           0 :     log << "WARNING: Neighbor List not activated this has not been tested!!  \n";
     583           0 :     nlall= Tools::make_unique<NeighborList>(listall,true,pbc,getPbc(),comm);
     584           0 :     for (unsigned j=0; j<Nlist; j++) {
     585           0 :       nl[j]= Tools::make_unique<NeighborList>(Plist[j],Plist[j],true,true,pbc,getPbc(),comm);
     586             :     }
     587             :   }
     588             :   // Output Nlist
     589          12 :   log << "Total Nlists: " << Nlist << " \n";
     590          36 :   for (unsigned j=0; j<Nlist; j++) {
     591          24 :     log << "  list " << j+1 << "   size " << nl[j]->size() << " \n";
     592             :   }
     593             :   // Calculate COM masses once and for all from lists
     594          12 :   if(com) {
     595           0 :     for(unsigned j=0; j<compos.size(); j++) {
     596             :       double commass=0.;
     597           0 :       for(unsigned i=0; i<nlcom[j]->getFullAtomList().size(); i++) {
     598           0 :         unsigned andx=nlcom[j]->getFullAtomList()[i].index();
     599           0 :         commass+=mypdb.getOccupancy()[andx];
     600             :       }
     601           0 :       for(unsigned i=0; i<nlcom[j]->getFullAtomList().size(); i++) {
     602           0 :         unsigned andx=nlcom[j]->getFullAtomList()[i].index();
     603           0 :         if(commass>0.) {
     604           0 :           fmass[andx]=mypdb.getOccupancy()[andx]/commass;
     605             :         } else {
     606           0 :           fmass[andx]=1.;
     607             :         }
     608             :       }
     609             :     }
     610             :   }
     611             : 
     612             :   // Sorting
     613          12 :   dosort.resize(Nlist);
     614          12 :   std:: vector<int> ynsort(Nlist);
     615          12 :   parseVector("SORT",ynsort);
     616          36 :   for (unsigned i=0; i<Nlist; i++) {
     617          24 :     if(ynsort[i]==0||CompDer) {
     618             :       dosort[i]=false;
     619             :     } else {
     620             :       dosort[i]=true;
     621             :     }
     622             :   }
     623             : 
     624             :   //build box vectors and correct for pbc
     625          12 :   log << "Building the box from PDB data ... \n";
     626          12 :   Tensor Box=mypdb.getBoxVec();
     627          12 :   log << "  Done! A,B,C vectors in Cartesian space:  \n";
     628          12 :   log.printf("  A:  %12.6f%12.6f%12.6f\n", Box[0][0],Box[0][1],Box[0][2]);
     629          12 :   log.printf("  B:  %12.6f%12.6f%12.6f\n", Box[1][0],Box[1][1],Box[1][2]);
     630          12 :   log.printf("  C:  %12.6f%12.6f%12.6f\n", Box[2][0],Box[2][1],Box[2][2]);
     631          12 :   log << "Changing the PBC according to the new box \n";
     632          12 :   Pbc mypbc;
     633          12 :   mypbc.setBox(Box);
     634          12 :   log << "The box volume is " << mypbc.getBox().determinant() << " \n";
     635             : 
     636             :   //Compute scaling factor
     637          12 :   if(Svol) {
     638          12 :     Fvol=cbrt(Vol0/mypbc.getBox().determinant());
     639          12 :     log << "Scaling atom distances by  " << Fvol << " \n";
     640             :   } else {
     641           0 :     log << "Using unscaled atom distances \n";
     642             :   }
     643             : 
     644          12 :   r00.resize(Nlist);
     645          12 :   sw.resize(Nlist);
     646          36 :   for (unsigned j=0; j<Nlist; j++) {
     647          48 :     if( !parseNumbered( "SWITCH", j+1, sw[j] ) ) break;
     648             :   }
     649          12 :   if(CompDer) {
     650             :     // Set switching function parameters here only if computing derivatives
     651             :     //   now set at the beginning of the dynamics to solve the r0 issue
     652           6 :     log << "Switching Function Parameters \n";
     653           6 :     sfs.resize(Nlist);
     654             :     std::string errors;
     655          18 :     for (unsigned j=0; j<Nlist; j++) {
     656          12 :       if(Svol) {
     657             :         double r0;
     658             :         std::string old_r0;
     659          12 :         vector<string> data=Tools::getWords(sw[j]);
     660             :         data.erase(data.begin());
     661          12 :         Tools::parse(data,"R_0",old_r0);
     662          12 :         Tools::convert(old_r0,r0);
     663          12 :         r0*=Fvol;
     664          12 :         std::string new_r0; Tools::convert(r0,new_r0);
     665          12 :         std::size_t pos = sw[j].find("R_0");
     666          12 :         sw[j].replace(pos+4,old_r0.size(),new_r0);
     667          12 :       }
     668          12 :       sfs[j].set(sw[j],errors);
     669             :       std::string num;
     670          12 :       Tools::convert(j+1, num);
     671          12 :       if( errors.length()!=0 ) error("problem reading SWITCH" + num + " keyword : " + errors );
     672          12 :       r00[j]=sfs[j].get_r0();
     673          12 :       log << "  Swf: " << j << "  r0=" << (sfs[j].description()).c_str() << " \n";
     674             :     }
     675             :   }
     676             : 
     677             :   // build COMs from positions if requested
     678          12 :   if(com) {
     679           0 :     for(unsigned j=0; j<compos.size(); j++) {
     680           0 :       compos[j][0]=0.;
     681           0 :       compos[j][1]=0.;
     682           0 :       compos[j][2]=0.;
     683           0 :       for(unsigned i=0; i<nlcom[j]->getFullAtomList().size(); i++) {
     684           0 :         unsigned andx=nlcom[j]->getFullAtomList()[i].index();
     685           0 :         compos[j]+=fmass[andx]*mypdb.getPositions()[andx];
     686             :       }
     687             :     }
     688             :   }
     689             :   // build the rPIV distances (transformation and sorting is done afterwards)
     690          12 :   if(CompDer) {
     691           6 :     log << "  PIV  |  block   |     Size      |     Zeros     |     Ones      |" << " \n";
     692             :   }
     693          36 :   for(unsigned j=0; j<Nlist; j++) {
     694    11516328 :     for(unsigned i=0; i<nl[j]->size(); i++) {
     695    11516304 :       unsigned i0=(nl[j]->getClosePairAtomNumber(i).first).index();
     696    11516304 :       unsigned i1=(nl[j]->getClosePairAtomNumber(i).second).index();
     697             :       //calculate/get COM position of centers i0 and i1
     698    11516304 :       Vector Pos0,Pos1;
     699    11516304 :       if(com) {
     700             :         //if(pbc) makeWhole();
     701           0 :         Pos0=compos[i0];
     702           0 :         Pos1=compos[i1];
     703             :       } else {
     704    11516304 :         Pos0=mypdb.getPositions()[i0];
     705    11516304 :         Pos1=mypdb.getPositions()[i1];
     706             :       }
     707    11516304 :       Vector ddist;
     708    11516304 :       if(pbc) {
     709    11516304 :         ddist=mypbc.distance(Pos0,Pos1);
     710             :       } else {
     711           0 :         ddist=delta(Pos0,Pos1);
     712             :       }
     713    11516304 :       double df=0.;
     714             :       // Transformation and sorting done at the first timestep to solve the r0 definition issue
     715    11516304 :       if(CompDer) {
     716        1104 :         rPIV[j].push_back(sfs[j].calculate(ddist.modulo()*Fvol, df));
     717             :       } else {
     718    11515200 :         rPIV[j].push_back(ddist.modulo()*Fvol);
     719             :       }
     720             :     }
     721          24 :     if(CompDer) {
     722          12 :       if(dosort[j]) {
     723           0 :         std::sort(rPIV[j].begin(),rPIV[j].end());
     724             :       }
     725             :       int lmt0=0;
     726             :       int lmt1=0;
     727        1116 :       for(unsigned i=0; i<rPIV[j].size(); i++) {
     728        1104 :         if(int(rPIV[j][i]*double(Nprec-1))==0) {
     729           0 :           lmt0+=1;
     730             :         }
     731        1104 :         if(int(rPIV[j][i]*double(Nprec-1))==1) {
     732           0 :           lmt1+=1;
     733             :         }
     734             :       }
     735          12 :       log.printf("       |%10i|%15zu|%15i|%15i|\n", j, rPIV[j].size(), lmt0, lmt1);
     736             :     }
     737             :   }
     738             : 
     739          12 :   checkRead();
     740             :   // From the plumed manual on how to build-up a new Colvar
     741          24 :   addValueWithDerivatives();
     742          12 :   requestAtoms(nlall->getFullAtomList());
     743          12 :   setNotPeriodic();
     744             :   // getValue()->setPeridodicity(false);
     745             :   // set size of derivative vector
     746          12 :   m_deriv.resize(getNumberOfAtoms());
     747          12 : }
     748             : 
     749         327 : void PIV::calculate()
     750             : {
     751             : 
     752             :   // Local variables
     753             : 
     754         327 :   if(sharedData_unique) {
     755             :     // This is executed by the first PIV instance.
     756             :     // We initialize variables with the correct Nlist.
     757         321 :     sharedData_unique->prev_pos.resize(Nlist);
     758         321 :     sharedData_unique->cPIV.resize(Nlist);
     759         321 :     sharedData_unique->Atom0.resize(Nlist);
     760         321 :     sharedData_unique->Atom1.resize(Nlist);
     761             :   }
     762             : 
     763             :   // create references to minimize the impact of the code below
     764         327 :   auto & prev_stp(sharedData->prev_stp);
     765             :   auto & init_stp(sharedData->init_stp);
     766             :   auto & prev_pos(sharedData->prev_pos);
     767             :   auto & cPIV(sharedData->cPIV);
     768             :   auto & Atom0(sharedData->Atom0);
     769             :   auto & Atom1(sharedData->Atom1);
     770             : 
     771         327 :   std:: vector<std:: vector<int> > A0(Nprec);
     772         327 :   std:: vector<std:: vector<int> > A1(Nprec);
     773             :   size_t stride=1;
     774             :   unsigned rank=0;
     775             : 
     776         327 :   if(!serial) {
     777         327 :     stride=comm.Get_size();
     778         327 :     rank=comm.Get_rank();
     779             :   } else {
     780             :     stride=1;
     781             :     rank=0;
     782             :   }
     783             : 
     784             :   // Transform (and sort) the rPIV before starting the dynamics
     785         327 :   if (((prev_stp==-1) || (init_stp==1)) &&!CompDer) {
     786           6 :     if(prev_stp!=-1) {init_stp=0;}
     787             :     // Calculate the volume scaling factor
     788           6 :     if(Svol) {
     789           6 :       Fvol=cbrt(Vol0/getBox().determinant());
     790             :     }
     791             :     //Set switching function parameters
     792           6 :     log << "\n";
     793           6 :     log << "REFERENCE PDB # " << prev_stp+2 << " \n";
     794             :     // Set switching function parameters here only if computing derivatives
     795             :     //   now set at the beginning of the dynamics to solve the r0 issue
     796           6 :     log << "Switching Function Parameters \n";
     797           6 :     sfs.resize(Nlist);
     798             :     std::string errors;
     799          18 :     for (unsigned j=0; j<Nlist; j++) {
     800          12 :       if(Svol) {
     801             :         double r0;
     802             :         std::string old_r0;
     803          12 :         vector<string> data=Tools::getWords(sw[j]);
     804             :         data.erase(data.begin());
     805          12 :         Tools::parse(data,"R_0",old_r0);
     806          12 :         Tools::convert(old_r0,r0);
     807          12 :         r0*=Fvol;
     808          12 :         std::string new_r0; Tools::convert(r0,new_r0);
     809          12 :         std::size_t pos = sw[j].find("R_0");
     810          12 :         sw[j].replace(pos+4,old_r0.size(),new_r0);
     811          12 :       }
     812          12 :       sfs[j].set(sw[j],errors);
     813             :       std::string num;
     814          12 :       Tools::convert(j+1, num);
     815          12 :       if( errors.length()!=0 ) error("problem reading SWITCH" + num + " keyword : " + errors );
     816          12 :       r00[j]=sfs[j].get_r0();
     817          12 :       log << "  Swf: " << j << "  r0=" << (sfs[j].description()).c_str() << " \n";
     818             :     }
     819             :     //Transform and sort
     820           6 :     log << "Building Reference PIV Vector \n";
     821           6 :     log << "  PIV  |  block   |     Size      |     Zeros     |     Ones      |" << " \n";
     822           6 :     double df=0.;
     823          18 :     for (unsigned j=0; j<Nlist; j++) {
     824    11515212 :       for (unsigned i=0; i<rPIV[j].size(); i++) {
     825    11515200 :         rPIV[j][i]=sfs[j].calculate(rPIV[j][i], df);
     826             :       }
     827          12 :       if(dosort[j]) {
     828          12 :         std::sort(rPIV[j].begin(),rPIV[j].end());
     829             :       }
     830             :       int lmt0=0;
     831             :       int lmt1=0;
     832    11515212 :       for(unsigned i=0; i<rPIV[j].size(); i++) {
     833    11515200 :         if(int(rPIV[j][i]*double(Nprec-1))==0) {
     834          26 :           lmt0+=1;
     835             :         }
     836    11515200 :         if(int(rPIV[j][i]*double(Nprec-1))==1) {
     837       63358 :           lmt1+=1;
     838             :         }
     839             :       }
     840          12 :       log.printf("       |%10i|%15zu|%15i|%15i|\n", j, rPIV[j].size(), lmt0, lmt1);
     841             :     }
     842           6 :     log << "\n";
     843             :   }
     844             :   // Do the sorting only once per timestep to avoid building the PIV N times for N rPIV PDB structures!
     845         327 :   if ((getStep()>prev_stp&&getStep()%updatePIV==0)||CompDer) {
     846         324 :     if (CompDer) log << " Step " << getStep() << "  Computing Derivatives NON-SORTED PIV \n";
     847             :     //
     848             :     // build COMs from positions if requested
     849         324 :     if(com) {
     850           0 :       if(pbc) makeWhole();
     851           0 :       for(unsigned j=0; j<compos.size(); j++) {
     852           0 :         compos[j][0]=0.;
     853           0 :         compos[j][1]=0.;
     854           0 :         compos[j][2]=0.;
     855           0 :         for(unsigned i=0; i<nlcom[j]->getFullAtomList().size(); i++) {
     856           0 :           unsigned andx=nlcom[j]->getFullAtomList()[i].index();
     857           0 :           compos[j]+=fmass[andx]*getPosition(andx);
     858             :         }
     859             :       }
     860             :     }
     861             :     // update neighbor lists when an atom moves out of the Neighbor list skin
     862         324 :     if (doneigh) {
     863             :       bool doupdate=false;
     864             :       // For the first step build previous positions = actual positions
     865         324 :       if (prev_stp==-1) {
     866           6 :         bool docom=com;
     867          18 :         for (unsigned j=0; j<Nlist; j++) {
     868        9708 :           for (unsigned i=0; i<nl[j]->getFullAtomList().size(); i++) {
     869        9696 :             Vector Pos;
     870        9696 :             if(docom) {
     871           0 :               Pos=compos[i];
     872             :             } else {
     873        9696 :               Pos=getPosition(nl[j]->getFullAtomList()[i].index());
     874             :             }
     875        9696 :             prev_pos[j].push_back(Pos);
     876             :           }
     877             :         }
     878             :         doupdate=true;
     879             :       }
     880             :       // Decide whether to update lists based on atom displacement, every stride
     881         324 :       std:: vector<std:: vector<Vector> > tmp_pos(Nlist);
     882         324 :       if (getStep() % nlall->getStride() ==0) {
     883         324 :         bool docom=com;
     884         972 :         for (unsigned j=0; j<Nlist; j++) {
     885       20520 :           for (unsigned i=0; i<nl[j]->getFullAtomList().size(); i++) {
     886       19872 :             Vector Pos;
     887       19872 :             if(docom) {
     888           0 :               Pos=compos[i];
     889             :             } else {
     890       19872 :               Pos=getPosition(nl[j]->getFullAtomList()[i].index());
     891             :             }
     892       19872 :             tmp_pos[j].push_back(Pos);
     893       19872 :             if (pbcDistance(tmp_pos[j][i],prev_pos[j][i]).modulo()>=nl_skin[j]) {
     894             :               doupdate=true;
     895             :             }
     896             :           }
     897             :         }
     898             :       }
     899             :       // Update Nlists if needed
     900         324 :       if (doupdate==true) {
     901          18 :         for (unsigned j=0; j<Nlist; j++) {
     902        9708 :           for (unsigned i=0; i<nl[j]->getFullAtomList().size(); i++) {
     903        9696 :             prev_pos[j][i]=tmp_pos[j][i];
     904             :           }
     905          12 :           nl[j]->update(prev_pos[j]);
     906          12 :           log << " Step " << getStep() << "  Neighbour lists updated " << nl[j]->size() << " \n";
     907             :         }
     908             :       }
     909         324 :     }
     910             :     // Calculate the volume scaling factor
     911         324 :     if(Svol) {
     912         324 :       Fvol=cbrt(Vol0/getBox().determinant());
     913             :     }
     914         324 :     Vector ddist;
     915             :     // Global to local variables
     916         324 :     bool doserial=serial;
     917             :     // Build "Nlist" PIV blocks
     918         972 :     for(unsigned j=0; j<Nlist; j++) {
     919         648 :       if(dosort[j]) {
     920             :         // from global to local variables to speedup the for loop with if statements
     921           6 :         bool docom=com;
     922           6 :         bool dopbc=pbc;
     923             :         // Vectors collecting occupancies: OrdVec one rank, OrdVecAll all ranks
     924           6 :         std:: vector<int> OrdVec(Nprec,0);
     925           6 :         cPIV[j].resize(0);
     926           6 :         Atom0[j].resize(0);
     927           6 :         Atom1[j].resize(0);
     928             :         // Building distances for the PIV vector at time t
     929           6 :         if(timer) stopwatch.start("1 Build cPIV");
     930     5757606 :         for(unsigned i=rank; i<nl[j]->size(); i+=stride) {
     931     5757600 :           unsigned i0=(nl[j]->getClosePairAtomNumber(i).first).index();
     932     5757600 :           unsigned i1=(nl[j]->getClosePairAtomNumber(i).second).index();
     933     5757600 :           Vector Pos0,Pos1;
     934     5757600 :           if(docom) {
     935           0 :             Pos0=compos[i0];
     936           0 :             Pos1=compos[i1];
     937             :           } else {
     938     5757600 :             Pos0=getPosition(i0);
     939     5757600 :             Pos1=getPosition(i1);
     940             :           }
     941     5757600 :           if(dopbc) {
     942     5757600 :             ddist=pbcDistance(Pos0,Pos1);
     943             :           } else {
     944           0 :             ddist=delta(Pos0,Pos1);
     945             :           }
     946     5757600 :           double df=0.;
     947             :           //Integer sorting ... faster!
     948             :           //Transforming distances with the Switching function + real to integer transformation
     949     5757600 :           int Vint=int(sfs[j].calculate(ddist.modulo()*Fvol, df)*double(Nprec-1)+0.5);
     950             :           //Integer transformed distance values as index of the Ordering Vector OrdVec
     951     5757600 :           OrdVec[Vint]+=1;
     952             :           //Keeps track of atom indices for force and virial calculations
     953     5757600 :           A0[Vint].push_back(i0);
     954     5757600 :           A1[Vint].push_back(i1);
     955             :         }
     956           6 :         if(timer) stopwatch.stop("1 Build cPIV");
     957           6 :         if(timer) stopwatch.start("2 Sort cPIV");
     958           6 :         if(!doserial && comm.initialized()) {
     959             :           // Vectors keeping track of the dimension and the starting-position of the rank-specific pair vector in the big pair vector.
     960           0 :           std:: vector<int> Vdim(stride,0);
     961           0 :           std:: vector<int> Vpos(stride,0);
     962             :           // Vectors collecting occupancies: OrdVec one rank, OrdVecAll all ranks
     963           0 :           std:: vector<int> OrdVecAll(stride*Nprec);
     964             :           // Big vectors containing all Atom indexes for every occupancy (Atom0O(Nprec,n) and Atom1O(Nprec,n) matrices in one vector)
     965             :           std:: vector<int> Atom0F;
     966             :           std:: vector<int> Atom1F;
     967             :           // Vector used to reconstruct arrays
     968           0 :           std:: vector<unsigned> k(stride,0);
     969             :           // Zeros might be many, this slows down a lot due to MPI communication
     970             :           // Avoid passing the zeros (i=1) for atom indices
     971           0 :           for(unsigned i=1; i<Nprec; i++) {
     972             :             // Building long vectors with all atom indexes for occupancies ordered from i=1 to i=Nprec-1
     973             :             // Can this be avoided ???
     974           0 :             Atom0F.insert(Atom0F.end(),A0[i].begin(),A0[i].end());
     975           0 :             Atom1F.insert(Atom1F.end(),A1[i].begin(),A1[i].end());
     976           0 :             A0[i].resize(0);
     977           0 :             A1[i].resize(0);
     978             :           }
     979             :           // Resize partial arrays to fill up for the next PIV block
     980           0 :           A0[0].resize(0);
     981           0 :           A1[0].resize(0);
     982           0 :           A0[Nprec-1].resize(0);
     983           0 :           A1[Nprec-1].resize(0);
     984             :           // Avoid passing the zeros (i=1) for atom indices
     985           0 :           OrdVec[0]=0;
     986           0 :           OrdVec[Nprec-1]=0;
     987             : 
     988             :           // Wait for all ranks before communication of Vectors
     989           0 :           comm.Barrier();
     990             : 
     991             :           // pass the array sizes before passing the arrays
     992           0 :           int dim=Atom0F.size();
     993             :           // Vdim and Vpos keep track of the dimension and the starting-position of the rank-specific pair vector in the big pair vector.
     994           0 :           comm.Allgather(&dim,1,&Vdim[0],1);
     995             : 
     996             :           // TO BE IMPROVED: the following may be done by the rank 0 (now every rank does it)
     997             :           int Fdim=0;
     998           0 :           for(unsigned i=1; i<stride; i++) {
     999           0 :             Vpos[i]=Vpos[i-1]+Vdim[i-1];
    1000           0 :             Fdim+=Vdim[i];
    1001             :           }
    1002           0 :           Fdim+=Vdim[0];
    1003             :           // build big vectors for atom pairs on all ranks for all ranks
    1004           0 :           std:: vector<int> Atom0FAll(Fdim);
    1005           0 :           std:: vector<int> Atom1FAll(Fdim);
    1006             :           // TO BE IMPROVED: Allgathers may be substituted by gathers by proc 0
    1007             :           //   Moreover vectors are gathered head-to-tail and assembled later-on in a serial step.
    1008             :           // Gather the full Ordering Vector (occupancies). This is what we need to build the PIV
    1009           0 :           comm.Allgather(&OrdVec[0],Nprec,&OrdVecAll[0],Nprec);
    1010             :           // Gather the vectors of atom pairs to keep track of the idexes for the forces
    1011           0 :           comm.Allgatherv(Atom0F.data(),Atom0F.size(),&Atom0FAll[0],&Vdim[0],&Vpos[0]);
    1012           0 :           comm.Allgatherv(Atom1F.data(),Atom1F.size(),&Atom1FAll[0],&Vdim[0],&Vpos[0]);
    1013             : 
    1014             :           // Reconstruct the full vectors from collections of Allgathered parts (this is a serial step)
    1015             :           // This is the tricky serial step, to assemble together PIV and atom-pair info from head-tail big vectors
    1016             :           // Loop before on l and then on i would be better but the allgather should be modified
    1017             :           // Loop on blocks
    1018             :           //for(unsigned m=0;m<Nlist;m++) {
    1019             :           // Loop on Ordering Vector size excluding zeros (i=1)
    1020           0 :           if(timer) stopwatch.stop("2 Sort cPIV");
    1021           0 :           if(timer) stopwatch.start("3 Reconstruct cPIV");
    1022           0 :           for(unsigned i=1; i<Nprec; i++) {
    1023             :             // Loop on the ranks
    1024           0 :             for(unsigned l=0; l<stride; l++) {
    1025             :               // Loop on the number of head-to-tail pieces
    1026           0 :               for(unsigned m=0; m<OrdVecAll[i+l*Nprec]; m++) {
    1027             :                 // cPIV is the current PIV at time t
    1028           0 :                 cPIV[j].push_back(double(i)/double(Nprec-1));
    1029           0 :                 Atom0[j].push_back(Atom0FAll[k[l]+Vpos[l]]);
    1030           0 :                 Atom1[j].push_back(Atom1FAll[k[l]+Vpos[l]]);
    1031           0 :                 k[l]+=1;
    1032             :               }
    1033             :             }
    1034             :           }
    1035           0 :           if(timer) stopwatch.stop("3 Reconstruct cPIV");
    1036             :         } else {
    1037     6000000 :           for(unsigned i=1; i<Nprec; i++) {
    1038    11757594 :             for(unsigned m=0; m<OrdVec[i]; m++) {
    1039     5757600 :               cPIV[j].push_back(double(i)/double(Nprec-1));
    1040     5757600 :               Atom0[j].push_back(A0[i][m]);
    1041     5757600 :               Atom1[j].push_back(A1[i][m]);
    1042             :             }
    1043             :           }
    1044             :         }
    1045             :       }
    1046             :     }
    1047             :   }
    1048         327 :   Vector distance;
    1049         327 :   double dfunc=0.;
    1050             :   // Calculate volume scaling factor
    1051         327 :   if(Svol) {
    1052         327 :     Fvol=cbrt(Vol0/getBox().determinant());
    1053             :   }
    1054             : 
    1055             :   // This test may be run by specifying the TEST keyword as input, it pritnts rPIV and cPIV and quits
    1056         327 :   if(test) {
    1057             :     unsigned limit=0;
    1058           0 :     for(unsigned j=0; j<Nlist; j++) {
    1059           0 :       if(dosort[j]) {
    1060           0 :         limit = cPIV[j].size();
    1061             :       } else {
    1062           0 :         limit = rPIV[j].size();
    1063             :       }
    1064           0 :       log.printf("PIV Block:  %6i %12s %6i \n", j, "      Size:", limit);
    1065           0 :       log.printf("%6s%6s%12s%12s%36s\n","     i","     j", "    c-PIV   ","    r-PIV   ","   i-j distance vector       ");
    1066           0 :       for(unsigned i=0; i<limit; i++) {
    1067             :         unsigned i0=0;
    1068             :         unsigned i1=0;
    1069           0 :         if(dosort[j]) {
    1070           0 :           i0=Atom0[j][i];
    1071           0 :           i1=Atom1[j][i];
    1072             :         } else {
    1073           0 :           i0=(nl[j]->getClosePairAtomNumber(i).first).index();
    1074           0 :           i1=(nl[j]->getClosePairAtomNumber(i).second).index();
    1075             :         }
    1076           0 :         Vector Pos0,Pos1;
    1077           0 :         if(com) {
    1078           0 :           Pos0=compos[i0];
    1079           0 :           Pos1=compos[i1];
    1080             :         } else {
    1081           0 :           Pos0=getPosition(i0);
    1082           0 :           Pos1=getPosition(i1);
    1083             :         }
    1084           0 :         if(pbc) {
    1085           0 :           distance=pbcDistance(Pos0,Pos1);
    1086             :         } else {
    1087           0 :           distance=delta(Pos0,Pos1);
    1088             :         }
    1089           0 :         dfunc=0.;
    1090             :         double cP,rP;
    1091           0 :         if(dosort[j]) {
    1092           0 :           cP = cPIV[j][i];
    1093           0 :           rP = rPIV[j][rPIV[j].size()-cPIV[j].size()+i];
    1094             :         } else {
    1095           0 :           double dm=distance.modulo();
    1096           0 :           cP = sfs[j].calculate(dm*Fvol, dfunc);
    1097           0 :           rP = rPIV[j][i];
    1098             :         }
    1099           0 :         log.printf("%6i%6i%12.6f%12.6f%12.6f%12.6f%12.6f\n",i0,i1,cP,rP,distance[0],distance[1],distance[2]);
    1100             :       }
    1101             :     }
    1102           0 :     log.printf("This was a test, now exit \n");
    1103           0 :     exit();
    1104             :   }
    1105             : 
    1106         327 :   if(timer) stopwatch.start("4 Build For Derivatives");
    1107             :   // non-global variables Nder and Scalevol defined to speedup if structures in cycles
    1108         327 :   bool Nder=CompDer;
    1109         327 :   bool Scalevol=Svol;
    1110         327 :   if(getStep()%updatePIV==0) {
    1111             :     // set to zero PIVdistance, derivatives and virial when they are calculated
    1112       29799 :     for(unsigned j=0; j<m_deriv.size(); j++) {
    1113      117888 :       for(unsigned k=0; k<3; k++) {m_deriv[j][k]=0.;}
    1114             :     }
    1115        1308 :     for(unsigned j=0; j<3; j++) {
    1116        3924 :       for(unsigned k=0; k<3; k++) {
    1117        2943 :         m_virial[j][k]=0.;
    1118             :       }
    1119             :     }
    1120         327 :     m_PIVdistance=0.;
    1121             :     // Re-compute atomic distances for derivatives and compute PIV-PIV distance
    1122         981 :     for(unsigned j=0; j<Nlist; j++) {
    1123             :       unsigned limit=0;
    1124             :       // dosorting definition is to speedup if structure in cycles with non-global variables
    1125         654 :       bool dosorting=dosort[j];
    1126         654 :       bool docom=com;
    1127         654 :       bool dopbc=pbc;
    1128         654 :       if(dosorting) {
    1129          12 :         limit = cPIV[j].size();
    1130             :       } else {
    1131         642 :         limit = rPIV[j].size();
    1132             :       }
    1133    11574918 :       for(unsigned i=rank; i<limit; i+=stride) {
    1134             :         unsigned i0=0;
    1135             :         unsigned i1=0;
    1136    11574264 :         if(dosorting) {
    1137    11515200 :           i0=Atom0[j][i];
    1138    11515200 :           i1=Atom1[j][i];
    1139             :         } else {
    1140       59064 :           i0=(nl[j]->getClosePairAtomNumber(i).first).index();
    1141       59064 :           i1=(nl[j]->getClosePairAtomNumber(i).second).index();
    1142             :         }
    1143    11574264 :         Vector Pos0,Pos1;
    1144    11574264 :         if(docom) {
    1145           0 :           Pos0=compos[i0];
    1146           0 :           Pos1=compos[i1];
    1147             :         } else {
    1148    11574264 :           Pos0=getPosition(i0);
    1149    11574264 :           Pos1=getPosition(i1);
    1150             :         }
    1151    11574264 :         if(dopbc) {
    1152    11574264 :           distance=pbcDistance(Pos0,Pos1);
    1153             :         } else {
    1154           0 :           distance=delta(Pos0,Pos1);
    1155             :         }
    1156    11574264 :         dfunc=0.;
    1157             :         // this is needed for dfunc and dervatives
    1158    11574264 :         double dm=distance.modulo();
    1159    11574264 :         double tPIV = sfs[j].calculate(dm*Fvol, dfunc);
    1160             :         // PIV distance
    1161             :         double coord=0.;
    1162    11574264 :         if(!dosorting||Nder) {
    1163       59064 :           coord = tPIV - rPIV[j][i];
    1164             :         } else {
    1165    11515200 :           coord = cPIV[j][i] - rPIV[j][rPIV[j].size()-cPIV[j].size()+i];
    1166             :         }
    1167             :         // Calculate derivatives, virial, and variable=sum_j (scaling[j] *(cPIV-rPIV)_j^2)
    1168             :         // WARNING: dfunc=dswf/(Fvol*dm)  (this may change in future Plumed versions)
    1169    11574264 :         double tmp = 2.*scaling[j]*coord*Fvol*Fvol*dfunc;
    1170    11574264 :         Vector tmpder = tmp*distance;
    1171             :         // 0.5*(x_i-x_k)*f_ik         (force on atom k due to atom i)
    1172    11574264 :         if(docom) {
    1173           0 :           Vector dist;
    1174           0 :           for(unsigned k=0; k<nlcom[i0]->getFullAtomList().size(); k++) {
    1175           0 :             unsigned x0=nlcom[i0]->getFullAtomList()[k].index();
    1176           0 :             m_deriv[x0] -= tmpder*fmass[x0];
    1177           0 :             for(unsigned l=0; l<3; l++) {
    1178           0 :               dist[l]=0.;
    1179             :             }
    1180           0 :             Vector P0=getPosition(x0);
    1181           0 :             for(unsigned l=0; l<nlcom[i0]->getFullAtomList().size(); l++) {
    1182           0 :               unsigned x1=nlcom[i0]->getFullAtomList()[l].index();
    1183           0 :               Vector P1=getPosition(x1);
    1184           0 :               if(dopbc) {
    1185           0 :                 dist+=pbcDistance(P0,P1);
    1186             :               } else {
    1187           0 :                 dist+=delta(P0,P1);
    1188             :               }
    1189             :             }
    1190           0 :             for(unsigned l=0; l<nlcom[i1]->getFullAtomList().size(); l++) {
    1191           0 :               unsigned x1=nlcom[i1]->getFullAtomList()[l].index();
    1192           0 :               Vector P1=getPosition(x1);
    1193           0 :               if(dopbc) {
    1194           0 :                 dist+=pbcDistance(P0,P1);
    1195             :               } else {
    1196           0 :                 dist+=delta(P0,P1);
    1197             :               }
    1198             :             }
    1199           0 :             m_virial    -= 0.25*fmass[x0]*Tensor(dist,tmpder);
    1200             :           }
    1201           0 :           for(unsigned k=0; k<nlcom[i1]->getFullAtomList().size(); k++) {
    1202           0 :             unsigned x1=nlcom[i1]->getFullAtomList()[k].index();
    1203           0 :             m_deriv[x1] += tmpder*fmass[x1];
    1204           0 :             for(unsigned l=0; l<3; l++) {
    1205           0 :               dist[l]=0.;
    1206             :             }
    1207           0 :             Vector P1=getPosition(x1);
    1208           0 :             for(unsigned l=0; l<nlcom[i1]->getFullAtomList().size(); l++) {
    1209           0 :               unsigned x0=nlcom[i1]->getFullAtomList()[l].index();
    1210           0 :               Vector P0=getPosition(x0);
    1211           0 :               if(dopbc) {
    1212           0 :                 dist+=pbcDistance(P1,P0);
    1213             :               } else {
    1214           0 :                 dist+=delta(P1,P0);
    1215             :               }
    1216             :             }
    1217           0 :             for(unsigned l=0; l<nlcom[i0]->getFullAtomList().size(); l++) {
    1218           0 :               unsigned x0=nlcom[i0]->getFullAtomList()[l].index();
    1219           0 :               Vector P0=getPosition(x0);
    1220           0 :               if(dopbc) {
    1221           0 :                 dist+=pbcDistance(P1,P0);
    1222             :               } else {
    1223           0 :                 dist+=delta(P1,P0);
    1224             :               }
    1225             :             }
    1226           0 :             m_virial    += 0.25*fmass[x1]*Tensor(dist,tmpder);
    1227             :           }
    1228             :         } else {
    1229    11574264 :           m_deriv[i0] -= tmpder;
    1230    11574264 :           m_deriv[i1] += tmpder;
    1231    11574264 :           m_virial    -= tmp*Tensor(distance,distance);
    1232             :         }
    1233    11574264 :         if(Scalevol) {
    1234    11574264 :           m_virial+=1./3.*tmp*dm*dm*Tensor::identity();
    1235             :         }
    1236    11574264 :         m_PIVdistance    += scaling[j]*coord*coord;
    1237             :       }
    1238             :     }
    1239             : 
    1240         327 :     if (!serial && comm.initialized()) {
    1241           0 :       comm.Barrier();
    1242           0 :       comm.Sum(&m_PIVdistance,1);
    1243           0 :       if(!m_deriv.empty()) comm.Sum(&m_deriv[0][0],3*m_deriv.size());
    1244           0 :       comm.Sum(&m_virial[0][0],9);
    1245             :     }
    1246             :   }
    1247         327 :   prev_stp=getStep();
    1248             : 
    1249             :   //Timing
    1250         327 :   if(timer) stopwatch.stop("4 Build For Derivatives");
    1251         327 :   if(timer) {
    1252           1 :     log.printf("Timings for action %s with label %s \n", getName().c_str(), getLabel().c_str() );
    1253           1 :     log<<stopwatch;
    1254             :   }
    1255             : 
    1256             :   // Update derivatives, virial, and variable (PIV-distance^2)
    1257       29799 :   for(unsigned i=0; i<m_deriv.size(); ++i) setAtomsDerivatives(i,m_deriv[i]);
    1258         327 :   setValue           (m_PIVdistance);
    1259         327 :   setBoxDerivatives  (m_virial);
    1260         327 : }
    1261             : //Close Namespaces at the very beginning
    1262             : }
    1263             : }
    1264             : 

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